Lee: Speaking of white women, that's a perfect segue. The Stonewall uprising was an awakening for an entire generation of LGBTQ activists. [3]These transgender icons will be the first to get statues in the US Look no further than our guide. We can educate you, learn the history. And whatever I can do to use the bit of access I might have, or privilege, or platform to push the dignity of Black trans people, I'm gonna do it. Rivera had an incredibly difficult childhood. LIVE! What is it, do you think? They thought it was more likely that Marsha was a victim of an attack. 1890. What challenges did she face there? The best email in your inbox.Filled with the days best good news. We have an issue particularly in media where we often get to be either victims, of course, and not alive, or we're a superstar or celebrity. "Read Stamped from the Beginning," right? As the fifth of seven children of a General Motors assembly line worker and a housekeeper, Johnson was about five years old when she began wearing dresses, but was often harassed by other children. Rivera ran away from home at age 11 and became a victim of sexual exploitation around 42nd Street. New-York Historical Society. I got a chance to talk with Raquel Willis, a Black transgender activist and the director of communications for the Ms. Foundation, a nonprofit fighting for women's rights. What tensions existed within the gay liberation movement? It feels like a different time. Then when you get pregnant or something, they don't even want to know you., On Paying It Forward: Ill always be known [for] reaching out to young people who have no one to help them out, so I help them out with a place to stay or some food to eat or some change for their pocket. A person who does not identify with the sex they were assigned at birth. We have to be having a holistic conversation on violence that not only talks about state violence but it also talks about the violence in our own homes, in our communities. (CHEERING). 1750. Police then reclassified the case as a drowning from undetermined cause, but the LGBTQ+ community was furious that the police refused to investigate further and that many press outlets did not cover her death. They were not only angered by the police raid but also the oppression and fear they experienced every day. Johnson and Rivera arrived at Stonewall around 2am where, Johnson said in a later interview, the place was already on fire, and there was a raid already. WebHappy Birthday, Marsha! She grabbed the microphone anyway, telling the spectators and other marchers, If it wasnt for the drag queen, there would be no gay liberation movement. Apr 21, 2023. Willis: First of all, anytime a celebrity tweets, I'm like, "How you got time for this?" In the 1970s, Johnson experienced a series of mental health breakdowns and spent time in and out of psychiatric hospitals. Alexander Street is an imprint of ProQuest that promotes teaching, research, The case involving Marshas death remained closed for decades. Marsha was neither the first nor the last trans woman of color to be a victim of violence. The P stood for Pay It No Mind. To her, this was a life motto and a response to questions about her gender. Johnson adored wearing colorful, fun outfits that she made from finds at thrift stores and discarded items; she was also often seen wearing a crown of flowers. 2022. Do you disentangle your identity like that? Marsha was often alone with strangers in hotel rooms and cars. The riots had already started. There are many competing stories about what Johnson did during the raid on the Stonewall Inn, but it is clear she was on the front lines. NASA on The Commons, via flickr, Home / Growth and Turmoil, 1948-1977 / Growing Tensions / Life Story: Marsha P. Johnson. Compare the lives of Marsha P. Johnson and, Connect Marshas life story to other LGBTQ individuals within, One of Marshas proudest moments was with Andy Warhol. You can't say that it's about having a particular set of chromosomes. Rivera frequently experienced homelessness and had problems with substance abuse. She was assigned male at birth. Johnson, an African American self-identified drag queen and activist, was also battling exclusion in a And we were all out there. And yet we have to contend with the fact that even if there was a clear story, which there rarely is for any victim, particularly if you're Black, he would not have gotten any more attention from most people because people have a bias against trans folks. Johnson became known as much for her activism as for her attention-grabbing wardrobe, often complete with red plastic heels, colorful wigs and flowers and fruit in her hair. On July 6, 1992, Marshas body was found floating in the Hudson River. For Black trans lives especially, is this a time? On July 6, 1992, Johnsons body was found in the Hudson River. . Date accessed. Honey, I promise you, I'm not. Their rage was not just about the police. Marsha P. Johnson. National Womens History Museum, 2022. To learn more, check out the vocabulary resource guides from. Not long after arriving in New York, 17-year-old Marsha met 11-year-old Sylvia Rivera. She also reconciled with the gay rights movement that was now expanding to embrace the LGBTQ+ community. The raid on Stonewall galvanized the gay rights movement. And we were all out there. WebOn what would have been Marsha P Johnsons 77th birthday, the founder of the institute that bears her name discusses her powerful, often misunderstood legacy. Lee: And that's just not okay. I mean, I wish I could say yes, but Black cis folks are not doing enough. As we celebrate Earth Day this year, may we reflect on the wise words of environmentalists, climate activists, faith leaders, lovers of nature, and the youth of the world. Willis: I think that we need all the allies. She was arrested over 100 times. The film stars Mya Taylor as Johnson and Eve Lindley as Rivera.. Invite students to. Ask them to think about the kind of monument or memorial they would want to create for Marsha, based on her life story. Shes said that the town had zero tolerance for LGBTQ people and as a But I don't know if we'll even completely know we're in a revolution probably until maybe it's almost over, right? Johnson is also now the subject of many documentaries. To learn more, check out the vocabulary resource guides from GLAAD: Transgender glossary and LGBTQ glossary. Transpeople were more likely to be homeless and targeted by police. And so we've got to understand that. And I didn't get downtown till about 2:00. When they could no longer pay, they were evicted. Something went wrong while submitting the form. I think we have to have a real conversation on how white supremacy has also plagued the LGBTQ+ movement since its inception. Oil on canvas. We should not be ashamed of who we are. Marsha P. Johnson, Id like to see the gay revolution get started If a transvestite doesnt say Im gay and Im proud and Im a transvestite, then nobody else is going to hop up there and say Im gay and Im proud and Im a transvestite for them. Marsha P. Johnson, Darling, I want my gay rights now! Marsha P. Johnson. I think about the Stonewall riots, and there were important Black trans folks who were on the front lines during that queer militant uprising back in 1969 against the New York Police Department. WebMarsha P. Johnson: The way I winded up being at Stonewall that night, I was having a party uptown. All Rights Reserved. I think the first thing people need to do is really sit down and analyze themselves, answer what their insecurities are around anything, you know, but particularly around gender. It was about the oppression and fear they felt every single day. Willis: I absolutely do think that there is a confluence and overlap of LGBTQ+ liberation and Black liberation. In 2012, the New York Police Department reopened the case into Johnsons death. You can't say that it's about having a particular set of body, you know, thinking of the many women I know who have had hysterectomies, right? And it also of course extends to folks who are nonbinary or gender nonconforming who straddle all of these struggles. At her funeral, hundreds of people showed up at the church; it was so crowded that people stood on the street. Chicago Rothberg, Emma. WebMarsha was an eccentric woman who was known for her exotic hats and jewelry which stood out to the public and attracted attention to her. Smithsonian Institute Archives Image # SIA 2010-1509. Raquel Willis: There's this idea that because we are having an openly different gender experience, that we deserve the abuse that we may receive. It happens because people make decisions that are sometimes very impulsive and of the moment, but those moments are cumulative realities., On Equality: How many years has it taken people to realize that we are all brothers and sisters and human beings in the human race?, On Motivation: Darling, I want my gay rights now. And when you think about people like J.K. Rowling, and I want to read this quote, she said, quote, "If sex isn't real, the lived reality of women globally is erased." But I don't like straight men. Im a strong believer in that and thats why I try to do that for everyone I know has the virus. Marsha P. Johnson, You never completely have your rights, one person, until you all have your rights. Marsha P. Johnson, As long as gay people dont have their rights all across America, theres no reason for celebration. Marsha P. Johnson, Nobody promised you tomorrow. Marsha P. Johnson, I was no one, nobody, from Nowheresville, until I became a drag queen. Marsha P. Johnson, I always just do drag. Cooking for myself, right? She never let her personal setbacks stop her advocacy. In 1990, Marsha contracted AIDS. Lee: You know, I guess it was maybe two weeks ago now at the Black Trans Lives Rally in Brooklyn, we were actually driving home to Brooklyn and it was like I'd never seen (LAUGH) almost that many people. Marsha P. Johnson was born on August 24, 1945, in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Toshiko Akiyoshi changed the face of jazz music over her sixty-year career. She began performing with the drag group, Hot Peaches. She attracted the attention of many, including the pop artist Andy Warhol who included her in a series of prints in 1975 entitled Ladies and Gentlemen. In an interview Johnson did for a 1972 book, she said her ambition was to see gay people liberated and free and to have equal rights that other people have in America. She wanted to see her gay brothers and sisters out of jail and on the streets again. In another interview, she said as long as gay people dont have their rights all across Americathere is no reason for celebration. In 1980, she was invited to ride in the lead car of the Gay Pride Parade in New York City. Note: Marshas life story includes a large amount of vocabulary that may be unfamiliar to teachers and students. A term to describe people who wear clothes designed for the opposite sex. What was Marshas role in the Stonewall uprising, and how did it shape the rest of her life? Throughout her life, she fought against the exclusion of transgender people, especially transgender people of color, from the larger movement for gay rights. Rights for LGBTQ+ people were limited and sometimes ignored completely. And I think for me as an activist, I take it also to be like, "Is what I'm doing even working? By Source, Fair use,https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38099161. By Emma Rothberg, NWHM Predoctoral Fellow in Gender Studies, 2020-2022. But when it comes to Black trans life and death and the violence heaped upon them, it comes likely from inside the community. She said in a 1989 interview that, Before gay rights, before the Stonewall, I was involved in the Black Liberation movement, the peace movementI felt I had the time and I knew that I had to do something. She started Transy House, modeled off STAR House, in 1997 in Park Slope, Brooklyn. And so Black women in general have had to fight against this restrictive idea of womanhood that has been contingent on a white bourgeois imagination. I'm a senior and I'm a certified Johnny Byrum fan. Are you Black first? Rivera was born in New York City in 1951 to a father from Puerto Rico and a mother from Venezuela. Regardless of the true nature of her death, she was a victim of violence, including police brutality, throughout her life. I don't trust men that much anymore., On the Fight for Freedom: No pride for some of us without liberation for all of us., On Her Reputation: I know people think Im a stupid little street queen out there begging for change cause theres nothing else she knows how to do., On Gender Roles: I'm very comfortable around straight men. Subscribers get each new issue of the Goodnewspaper mailed to their home, get exclusive discounts for do-good brands, fill the world with more good news, and more. 2021.www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/Sylvia-Rivera. As he entered activism, community organizing, and politics, Milk became known as a champion of the rights of the LGBTQ+ community, minorities, immigrants, women, and children. Brayla was just 17. WebIn December 1970, Liza Cowan of WBAI sat down with membersation a the newly formed Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (or S Lee: You know, I don't want to either/or it or make it too reductive or too simple. Soon, Marsha was attending rallies, sit-ins, and meetings of the newly formed Gay Liberation Front. When it comes to transgender issues, I don't think people fully understand. That night, police officers raided the gay bar. So it is hurtful, but I don't have the luxury of giving up. A monument dedicated to Marsha P Johnson, the late African-American transgender activist and pioneer, will be unveiled in New York in 2021. I would love for there to be a massive mobilization of allies of Black folks. Trymaine Lee: Last month, in the middle of Pride, thousands of people gathered in Brooklyn, New York for a rally for Black trans lives. Almost 30 years on from her death, Johnson is getting the attention she was denied when she was alive, with tales of All they think about is getting up your dress, anything to get up that dress of yours. And we saw just from the turnout for the Rally for Black Trans Lives that there is momentum there also. When the organizers of the gay pride parade tried to ban STAR, they showed up anyway. She actively spoke out about the transphobia in the early gay rights movement. And that's something other LGBTQ+ folks, particularly white ones, need to understand. June 7, 1999. Willis: I don't think so. Today, historians and former friends of Marsha describe her as a trans woman. Johnson also became an AIDS activist, later revealing in a 1992 interview that she had been HIV-positive for two years. You may wish to start with a screening of. Lee: How do you move through these movement spaces that, you know, the bounds of white supremacy are still there? Lee: We got COVID-19, white supremacy, uprisings. They're really insulting to women. After this experience, Rivera left New York City and activism behind for a bit. Throughout the 1970s, Johnson became a more visible and prominent member of the gay rights movement. However, young Marsha enjoyed wearing clothing made for girls. Police are treating her death as a homicide. She wanted to protect young transpeople living on the street by giving them a home. Her father was absent and her mother died by suicide when Rivera was 3 years old. MLA Rothberg, Emma. And we need the in-between. Young trans women like Marsha were particularly vocal that night because they felt they had nothing to left to lose. Here are 14 quotes from Johnson that capture her spirit and endless passion for LGBTQ+ rights: On Coming of Age: I was no one, nobody, from Nowheresville until I Her partner, Julia Murray, was with her at the time of her death. Marsha P. Johnson: The way I winded up being at Stonewall that night, I was having a party uptown. She asked Marsha to help her create a place where they could feel safe, unite, and fight for their rights. She was given a place of honor in the 25th Anniversary Stonewall Inn march in 1994. The movement did not appreciate the extent to which transgender youth needed help and support. How can food be used as a form of cultural memory & resistance? She also found work waiting tables and performing in drag shows. In 1970, Sylvia came to Marsha with an idea. You should stand as close to them as you can and help them out as much as you can. According to NYC Mayor, Bill de Blasio, "putting up statues doesn't change everything, but it starts to change hearts and mindswe want to honor them because they lived their truth and they made history.[4] In addition to the monuments, Marsha P. Johnson State Park (previously East River State Park) in Brooklyn, NY has become the first state park in the state of New York to be dedicated to an LGBTQ person and a Trans woman of color. Sometimes, the strangers were violent. Lee: I always wonder, and I had been a police reporter for a long time, so I've covered all kinds of crimes. In one account, she started the uprising by throwing a shot glass at a mirror. no. Willis: Of course. Lee: Black trans women in particular have been an important of the gay rights movement since the Stonewall uprising in 1969 in New York City. I think its about time the gay brothers and sisters got their rights . Here are 14 quotes from Johnson that capture her spirit and endless passion for LGBTQ+ rights: On Coming of Age: I was no one, nobody, from Nowheresville until I became a drag queen. The two became instant friends. A progressive social reformer and activist, Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement and was the first American woman to wina Nobel Peace Prize. Since then, Marsha has become an icon of the transgender community. A man pulled a gun on me and snatched my pocketbook in a car. While the genesis of the Stonewall Inn uprising remains shrouded in myth, theres no doubt Johnson was a key figure leading the events of June 28, 1969 some even credit her with throwing the shot glass heard around the world that started the rebellion. (LAUGH) Or is it too tough? As they watched their kids jump from a moving truck, Marsha and Sylvia realized they needed a real home. We don't really talk about how we have our own conceptions of which victims are worthy of our empathy. Once in New York, Johnson returned to dressing in clothing made for women and adopted the full name Marsha P. Johnson; the P stood for Pay It No Mind, a phrase that became her motto. Unidentified African American woman in uniform, 1861. And they never forget it. Once back in the city, Rivera got involved again with the fight for the inclusion and recognition of transgender individuals. What was STAR, and why was it so important? I don't think any of us have the luxury of focusing on one group or the other. Is it education? Lee: Raquel, thank you so much for joining me. Marsha P. Johnson was and is a woman impossible to forget. She was an activist, a sex worker, a drag performer, and even a model for Andy Warhol. She was at the forefront of pivotal moments in modern history. And so for me it's been very important to always be a Black trans woman when I come into spaces. But in the 1950s and 1960s, LGBTQ peoples rights were strictly limited. Meilan Solly, New York City Monument Will Honor Transgender Activists Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera, Smithsonian Magazine, June 3, 2019, Hugh Ryan, Power to the People: Exploring Marsha P. Johnsons Queer Liberation,. Willis: Of course. Lee: I think people have a pretty decent grasp of lesbian, gay, bi. But when people are close to you and they're side, maybe they're family or people that you really respect and they don't get it, does that sting a little bit? WebMarsha P. Johnson at the Christopher Street Liberation Day March, a protest inspired by the events that took place at the Stonewall Inn. She was excited about the work but frustrated at how white gay men and lesbians dominated the conversation. Johnsons life changed when she found herself engaging with the resistance at The Stonewall Inn on June 28, 1969. and AIDS, and gay and transgender rights. Invite students to research the ways in which Marshas legacy is being remembered today. Explore our collection of the best LGBTQ+ Pride quotes. Marsha P. Johnson never self-identified with the term transgender, but the term was also not in broad use while she was alive. especially the women. She was identified as male at birth. Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera, ca. The troubles she experienced as a child followed her into adulthood. Oh, there was a lot of little chants we used to do in those days. In another, she climbed a lamppost and dropped a heavy purse onto a police car, shattering the windshield. And that's part of why I have an issue with the way that we have framed violence as simply something that happens from the state, something that happens from police officers who are white that overwhelmingly happens to cisgender heterosexual men. WebIn December 1970, Liza Cowan of WBAI saddle down with members of and novel formed Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (or S I think its about time the gay brothers and sisters got their rights especially the women., On Embracing Her Identity: Id like to see the gay revolution get started If a transvestite doesnt say 'Im gay and Im proud and Im a transvestite,' then nobody else is going to hop up there and say 'Im gay and Im proud and Im a transvestite' for them., On Human Rights: You never completely have your rights, one person, until you all have your rights. The Gay Activist Alliance (GAA), which formed in response to Stonewall, frequently rejected the role transgender peoplethe majority of whom were people of colorhad played in the uprising. Jen Carlson, Activists Install Marsha P. Johnson Monument in Christopher Park, Gothamist, August 25, 2021, https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/marsha-p-johnson-statue-bust-christopher-park, The Marsha P. Johnson Institute, https://marshap.org/, By Emma Rothberg, Ph.D. | Associate Educator, Digital Learning and Innovation. 2022. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/marsha-p-johnson. Thank you for joining the Goodnewsletter! As one of few women and Asian musicians in the jazz world, Akiyoshi infused Japanese culture, sounds, and instruments into her music. However, Johnson also found a community in the city, especially after meeting Latina drag queen Sylvia Rivera. In front of a crowd at that rally for Black trans lives, she had this to say. I just recently had a really hard conversation with my brother. Are we seeing a little bit of that now? Johnson was outspoken about the risks of tackling the Mob; her roommate at the time had been lobbying to have officials with alleged Mafia ties removed from the On every level, Black cis folks are not doing enough to show up in new and expansive ways around gender and it's a problem. I mean, I think things have definitely shifted in the last few years of my career. We went out and hustled the streets. And when that doesn't happen, I mean, you're being dehumanized on two levels. The story of a company founded by four US Womens National Team soccer players seeking to challenge norms and inspire lasting progress. She gave people clothes and food, even though she had little of her own. We know that homophobia and transphobia knows no bounds. We paid the rent. Although only 19, Rivera became a mother to many of the residents of STAR House. Her lavish outfits were often made from thrift store finds, gifts from friends, and items she found on the street. But then the fact that she had the energy to use her platform to demonize trans people, demonize a more marginalized group of women is problematic to me, but it's also emblematic of white womanhood. Why do you think Marshas life has started to gain more attention in recent years? Sylvia Rivera, National Park Service,https://www.nps.gov/people/sylvia-rivera.htm. Hey, Marsha. And so in the wake of the Stonewall riots, there was an entire web of nonprofit organizations that sprang out of that, right? The store owners called her riffraff and threw her out. Within the past week, 22-year-old Mercy Mac was killed in Dallas and Brayla Stone was found dead in Arkansas. In 2019, New York City announced that a statue of Marsha and Sylvia would be the first monument to honor trans women in the city. STAR House was of personal importance to Johnson and Rivera as they had both spent much of their youth experiencing homelessness and destitution. Why did Marsha move to New York City? Johnson was involved in the early days of both but grew frustrated by the exclusion of transgender and LGBTQ+ people of color from the movement. Original music by Hannis Brown. You say Marsha P. Johnson, and people who don't know, she was so about it, right, and so about the work. So there's no way to talk about us getting to liberation without talking about Black trans people. About, Sylvia Rivera Law Project,https://srlp.org/about/. In 2021, New York City will unveil a monument to Rivera and Johnson. A performance artist who typically dresses up like a woman for entertainment purposes. But I will say I don't think that this is just a moment for Black trans people. Marshas whole life seemed to be a balance between popularity and exclusion. Describe Marshas and Sylvias friendship. Wilchins, Riki, A Woman for Her Time,The Village Voice, February 26, 2002,https://www.villagevoice.com/2002/02/26/a-woman-for-her-time/. Willis: I think it's all of the above. In 1990, Johnson was diagnosed with H.I.V. Hope y'all enjoy the long holiday weekend. I was involved with that.. Perry, Ana, Sylvia Rivera: Activist and Trailblazer, Face to Face Blog, National Portrait Gallery,https://npg.si.edu/blog/welcome-collection-sylvia-rivera. And so I don't want to leave places, you know, coming in as the first Black trans woman to do X, Y, and Z and then have not built any pathways for more Black trans people to come into the space, to carry the banner when I leave and inevitably go do other work. Sylvia Rivera. National Womens History Museum. On multiple occasions, clients pulled guns on Marsha. Silvia Rivera died of liver cancer in St. Vincents Manhattan Hospital in 2002 at the age of 50. You might know King as the wife of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., however, her legacy extends far beyond the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s.. Sylvia was a Puerto Rican trans woman who was also new to New York. To wear clothes typically associated with a different sex and is most commonly used to describe men who wear make-up and womens clothing. During Marshas lifetime, the term transgender was not commonly used. A decade later, Sylvia lost her battle to cancer. Rivera explained in 1998 that she and Johnson decided it was time to help each other and help our other kids. The church was so full that the crowd spilled into the street. Screen excerpts from this film so that students can hear directly from Marsha and the people in her life. History isnt something you look back at and say it was inevitable, it happens because people make decisions that are sometimes very impulsive and of the moment, but those moments are cumulative realities. Marsha P. Johnson, How many years has it taken people to realize that we are all brothers and sisters and human beings in the human race? Or is it your gender identity first? Johnson: And Sylvia Rivera and them were over in the park having a cocktail. In the early morning hours, police raided the bar and began arresting the patrons, most of whom were gay men. Marsha described herself as a gay person, a transvestite, and a drag queen. And from those earliest days, people had concerns about Black folks, brown folks, people who are incarcerated, and of course trans people because we were seen as not in line with some of the assimilationist goals of many of those early movement figures. Today, a look at how racism and transphobia have pushed Black trans women to the fringe of the gay rights movement and the movement for Black lives, and what's being done to change that. Willis: No. She was 46. It was written, directed, and produced by Tourmaline and Sasha I think about just two days after George was murdered, Tony McDade was murdered in Tallahassee, Florida, a Black transgender man. With public installations already being implemented, the plan is to complete renovations by 2021. The final bill passed in 2002 and prevents discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, credit, and the exercise of civil rights.. How do you actually navigate those spaces? After her high school graduation, she moved across the Hudson River to New York City in 1963 with only a bag of clothes and $15. How are you gonna support transforming our families, having those hard conversations with our elders? We kept the building going. Life Story: Marsha P. Johnson (1945-1992), Women & the American Story, New-York Historical Society. Chicago Rothberg, Emma. Rivera said in a 1995 interview with The New York Times of participating in this parade, the movement had put me on the shelf, but they took me down and dusted me offStill, it was beautiful. But do we have a good enough holistic nuance view of that violence? Crowd: Black trans lives matter. Acronym for Auto Immune Deficiency Disorder. And so cis women are also harmed by the patriarchy, and cis women are also harmed by men in our communities. Lee: Raquel, thank you so much for your time. We fed people and clothed people. I mean, how often does that happen? Turns out we're not there. 6 June 2020. Marsha P. Johnson. National Womens History Museum. 1985.212. A lot of times Ive reached my hand out to people in the gay community that just didnt have nobody to help them when they were down and out., On Her Own Legacy: They call me a legend in my own time, because there were so many queens gone that Im one of the few queens left from the 70s and the 80s., .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Afeni Shakur.

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