unbelted vehicle occupants reach 0

D.) all of the above. Your comments must not be more than 15 pages long. Frontal air bags have been standard equipment in all passenger cars since model year 1998 and in all SUVs, pickups and vans since model year 1999. A seat belt warning was first required in 1971, when NHTSA sought to increase seat belt use by adopting occupant protection compliance options that included the use of a seat belt warning for the front outboard seating positions. For systems without occupant Start Printed Page 51080detection, the visual signal must clearly indicate to the driver which seat belts are in use and not in use. To ensure that your comments are considered by the agency, make sure to submit them by the comment period deadline identified in the. It has also been pointed out that the research on seat belt use and acceptability among drivers may not be representative of situations where multiple passengers are present and that further evaluation is warranted on the annoyance and acceptance of seat belt warnings. Using a seat belt is one of the most effective actions a motor vehicle occupant can take to prevent death and injury in a crash. How can I read the comments submitted by other people? If an audible warning requirement were adopted for the change-of-status warning, what should the minimum duration of an audible warning be? Webpounds or less. The RFC discussed the agency's research and findings regarding rear seat belt warnings and solicited comments. Since seat belt warning systems are generally initiated at the beginning of a trip (i.e., when the ignition switch is moved to the on or start position) so as to assure that occupants are safely restrained prior to any potential vehicle crash, this is perhaps the most intuitive approach for rear seat belt warnings as well. The city of Provo in Utah, tats-Unis, has 44 public charging station ports (Level 2 and Level 3) within 15km. Information about this document as published in the Federal Register. Content-Disposition: form-data; name="813326.pdf"; filename="813326.pdf" Volvo started offering rear seat belt warnings in its vehicles in 2009 and currently all its vehicle models are equipped with rear seat belt warnings. 2017. ECE Regulation No. 208 for the driver's seat belt warning. [19], The standard currently requires a seat belt warning for the driver's seat belt on passenger cars;[20] tailgating The new ECE regulation simply requires that the visual warning be visible to the driver when they are facing forward. Under 49 U.S.C. The frontal lobe of the brain is the first part of the brain that is affected by alcohol. This action is not subject to the requirements of E.O. WebThe following vehicles can use the Express Lanes. Below we seek comment on possible sample selection bias (because these survey respondents were drivers of vehicles equipped with rear seat belt warning systems). [55] As part of the agency's seat belt interlock research program, we recently performed research on the development of a seat belt misuse detection system,[75] h. Cr2S3\mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{~S}_3Cr2S3. The National Child Restraint Use Special Study found that only 13 percent of drivers reported reading the vehicle owner's manual. Seat belt warning systems encourage seat belt use by reminding unbuckled occupants to fasten their belts and/or by informing the driver that an occupant is unbelted, so that the driver can request the unbelted occupant to fasten their seat belt. The initial audible signal must not exceed 30 seconds and the final audible signal must be at least 90 seconds. The petitioners noted that primary enforcement laws typically do not cover rear seat occupants and asserted that studies have proven that warnings for rear seat belts significantly increase rear passenger seat belt use. How many moles of magnesium were used in this reaction? We seek comment on what vehicle types should be included and excluded, including the costs and benefits of inclusion. Removing the Driver's Seat Belt Warning Audible Signal Duration Upper Limit. [82] We also seek comment on balancing effectiveness with costs, technological feasibility, and acceptability. 2015. By definition, a motor vehicle crash must involve at least one motor vehicle in transport. 0000042866 00000 n Li, R., Pickrell, T.M. Telltale Characteristics. Unbelted rear seat passengers pose a serious threat to the driver and other vehicle occupants, as well as themselves. Research by NHTSA and others suggests that audible warnings in conjunction with visible warnings are potentially more effective than visible warnings alone. In addition to this, while enhanced warnings are potentially more effective due to their persistence and annoyance,[68] The warning requirements for automatic belts in S4.5.3 mirror, with some differences, the first compliance option. 0000009731 00000 n on NARA's archives.gov. There are a variety of aspects of the possible proposed requirements that we seek comment on. While every effort has been made to ensure that 0000031738 00000 n A.) 6). Even those who normally wore their seat belts in the front seat were less inclined to wear their seat belts in the rear. The petitioners further asserted that rear seat belt warnings are technologically feasible and would be less costly if they were required in all vehicles. that agencies use to create their documents. 208 in 1974 to require that only the driver seating position be equipped with a seat belt warning system providing a visual and audible warning, with the audible warning not lasting longer than eight seconds. If NHTSA were to propose system requirements for occupant detection (either mandatory or as a compliance option), seat occupancy criteria might be necessary to objectively specify when a seat is occupied for the purposes of NHTSA's compliance testing. __________ is a type of drug that temporarily stimulates some vital process or organ in the body. 84. Accordingly, NHTSA might need to propose seat occupancy criteria. Seat belts are effective in most types of crashes. If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you The ______signals the driver to proceed with the presumed right of way while still using caution. Transportation Research Board Study, supra, pp. 208. Euro NCAP introduced SBRS bonus points in 2002. documents in the last year, 84 MAP-21 contains two provisions regarding seat belt warning systems. documents in the last year, 1008 Illegal window tinting. Risk of injury for occupants of motor vehicle collisions from The regulations do not require seat belt warnings for any seating position other than the driver's seat. a) convicted of DUI Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. [14] WebFor the optimization with the unbelted driver, only the 0 condition was used as a constraint in the optimization. See, e.g., DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 54. In light of Congress's repeal of this restriction, NHTSA seeks comment on removing the corresponding provision in FMVSS No. Although NHTSA did not previously have the authority to require, or specify as a compliance option, a seat belt warning with an audible signal lasting more than 8 seconds, the agency facilitated the voluntary adoption of enhanced warnings through a series of legal interpretations that determined that the Safety Act did not prohibit manufacturers from using enhanced warning systems (e.g., systems with audible warnings that lasted more than 8 seconds) as long as the manufacturer differentiated the voluntarily-provided signal from the required signal (for example, by a clearly distinguishable lapse in time between the two signals). Also, the first level warning for rear seats can be dismissed by the driver. These are both legitimate questions and while it may seem Some states with mandatory rear seat belt laws include rear-seat specific messaging in their media campaigns. [FR Doc. We seek comment on specific warning signal attributes that NHTSA could propose (e.g., duration of an audible warning), and how effective they might be, especially as compared to other possible signal attributes. 75. Although it is of no doubt that the use of seatbelt reduces the incidence and severity of MVC-induced TLJ injury, how it is protective for front-seat occupants of an automobile after rollover crashes is unclear. NHTSA, therefore, seeks comment on the potential benefits and costs of the different types of rear seat belt warning system discussed in this notice, including those that provide a warning similar to the kinds of seat belt warnings that are provided in current-production vehicles in the United States or elsewhere in the world, as well as other potentially novel approaches. [77] In accordance with MAP-21, in early 2013 NHTSA initiated a rulemaking proceeding when it submitted for public comment a proposal to undertake a study regarding the effectiveness of existing rear seat belt warning systems. 58. Active protection refers to features, such as manual seat belts, that require action by the occupant, while passive protection, sometimes called automatic protection, refers to safety features that do not require any action by the occupant other than sitting in a designated seating position. 57. NHTSA also seeks comment on the potential for false warnings, and how this might be addressed. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, p. 1. B.) Owner's manual readership may be relatively low,[80] Euro New Car Assessment Program (NCAP)[2] The first level warning consists of a visual warning that is active for at least 30 seconds when any occupied front seat has an unfastened seat belt. The survey observes seat belt use as it actually occurs at randomly-selected roadway sites, and involves a large number of occupants (almost 64,000 in 2015). These part-time non-users might be amenable to strategies to increase seat belt use. [93] NHTSA especially seeks any data related to these issues. [50] Advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM). If you wish Docket Management to notify you upon its receipt of your comments, enclose a self-addressed, stamped postcard in the envelope containing your comments. documents in the last year, 83 0000003170 00000 n Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 89. True Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb 04/28/2023, 204 D-s-tX?[ha;Q33LLL S,q'=L@fC5`. 2002. 96. The vehicles in the study sample had a wide variety of seat belt warning systems. (D) in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients. 2. In the U.S., occupant detection is widely used in existing vehicles in the front outboard designated seating positions, either as part of an advanced air bag system, or as part of a voluntary seat belt warning system. Would the warning be distinguishable from other alerts that are provided to the driver? [32] To the extent possible, we will also consider comments filed after the closing date. All of those manufacturers' rear seat belt warning systems use a display that is visible to the driver and indicates which rear seat belts are in use, as well as employing a change-of-status reminder that has visual and audible components. In addition, a change-of-status warning is required by the new ECE regulation No. 68. 208 for compliance testing of low-risk deployment and suppression air bag systems? The number of non-drivers surveyed was relatively small. Nathan K. Greenwell. 0000113571 00000 n DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 57. As a result of the strong negative consumer reaction, Congress adopted a provision, as part of the Motor Vehicle and School Bus Safety Amendments of 1974, prohibiting the agency from prescribing a motor vehicle safety Start Printed Page 51081standard that required, or permitted as a compliance option, seat belt interlocks or audible seat belt warnings lasting longer than eight seconds. %PDF-1.4 % When submitting comments, please remember to: For additional guidance on submitting effective comments, visit: https://www.regulations.gov/docs/Tips_For_Submitting_Effective_Comments.pdf. The report noted that many part-time users interviewed by NHTSAthe primary target group for the technologywere receptive to the new systems. See Docket No. See 76 FR 53102 (Aug. 25, 2011) (denial of a petition for rulemaking to mandate the installation of three-point seat belts for all seating positions on all school buses). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, pp. g. (NH4)2CO3\left(\mathrm{NH}_4\right)_2 \mathrm{CO}_3(NH4)2CO3 edition of the Federal Register. 2. 0000007972 00000 n 0000188740 00000 n The current driver's seat belt visual warning is required to last at least 60 seconds under the second compliance option. The signal may also potentially prevent children from unbuckling their seat belts. Toyota introduced rear seat belt warning systems in several MY 2017 vehicles and increased the number of equipped vehicles in MY 2018. Euro NCAP provides consumer information on the safety of new cars. Please note that even after the comment closing date, we will continue to file relevant information in the docket as it becomes available. 208 to provide a safety belt use warning system for designated seating positions in the rear seat. NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System also investigated the acceptability of rear seat belt warning systems. A seat belt warning system utilizing occupant detection technology could provide false reminders if the occupant detection were inaccurate. See Transportation Research Board Study, supra, p. 31 n.3. Telephone: (202) 366-9826. Should the system be required to register small children that would presumably be placed in a child restraint system? For example, NHTSA might provide recognition through NCAP for vehicles equipped with a rear seat belt warning system. and buses with a GVWR of 3,855 kg (8,500 lb) or less and an unloaded weight less than or equal to 2,495 kg (5,500 lb). 0000015312 00000 n DOT HS 811 206. Rear seat belt use in 2017, however, was 75.4 percent. 68 FR 46262 (Aug. 5, 2003). These tools are designed to help you understand the official document The study found, among other things, that 81 percent of drivers of vehicles with a rear seat belt warning were very satisfied with the system warning at the beginning of a trip; less than 2 percent were dissatisfied. [101] When buying a used car it is ideal if that vehicle still has a remainder of its original warranty on it. If NHTSA were to propose requirements for a warning that is similar to existing seat belt warnings, should the warning be visual-only (e.g., a telltale displaying text or icons), audio-only, or audio-Start Printed Page 51083visual? to submit a report to Congress describing the reasons for not prescribing such a standard. 0000006317 00000 n Alternative warning systems. In addition, as discussed above, warning systems equipped with occupant detection are more amenable to audible warnings and enhanced warning features. 21. 208 requirements for the driver's seat warning. Interaction with other vehicle warnings. The new ECE regulation also specifies that a change-of-status audible warning component be 30 seconds long.[85]. 25. [53] These systems might be more effective than a positive-only system because they would directly inform the driver whether any rear seat occupants were unbuckled, without the driver having to compare the number or location of occupants and fastened belts. This option has a target population which is substantially larger than the generic sled test, and is immediately available for implementation. Should NHTSA propose one or more of these systems as requirements or compliance options? that have the potential to raise and/or sustain safety belt use rates. The report went on to identify several such initiatives, which it classified as either behavioral or vehicle-based. You can arrange with the docket to be notified when others file comments in the docket. Describe any assumptions you make and provide any technical information and/or data that you used. b) convicted of reckless driving three times in one year, Florida Traffic School Online (4-Hour BDI) Ex, Earth - why was it created, what's its purpos, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. b. K2SO4\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4K2SO4 Can we expect more or less of an increase than the 3-4% increase for enhanced front warnings? by the Education Department NHTSA also seeks comment on whether it should require or specify as a compliance option a rear seat belt warning that differs from the type of audio-visual warning that is currently required for the driver's seat belt. DOT HS 812 593). Owner's manual/label requirements. 0000046831 00000 n Authority has been delegated to NHTSA. 0000045887 00000 n How do I submit confidential business information? Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns, and suggest alternatives. 2015. In addition, you should submit two copies, from which you have deleted the claimed confidential business information, to the Docket at the address given above. The documents posted on this site are XML renditions of published Federal documents in the last year, 295 We also seek comment on whether NHTSA should propose that information be provided in the vehicle owner's manual that accurately describes the warning system's features, including the location and format of the visual warnings, in an easily understandable format. To what extent would requiring a warning be visible to rear passengers increase cost and complexity, and would this be justified? Most new cars are sold with a three-year/36,000-mile warranty. the current document as it appeared on Public Inspection on Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, pp. 16, Revision 9 8.4.4.2. 0000104337 00000 n NHTSA seeks comment on whether, and to what degree, a rear seat belt warning would be effective. 80. A rear-belt warning system may therefore present potential wiring complexities, particularly in vehicles with removable, folding, rotating, or stowable seats. Seat belt use warning systems may also be referred to in this document as seat belt warning systems or seat belt reminder systems. Alcohol-related crashes cost society $44 billion annually. NOPUS is the only nationwide probability-based observational survey of seat belt use in the United States. [81] This derives from: Both Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. This might be addressed by programming the system to require input from door or occupant sensors to verify that the driver is in the vehicle. Transportation Research Board Study, supra, pp. The sole basis for the 8-second maximum duration in FMVSS No. N. Lerner et al. 2007. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [hereinafter DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study], p. 1. 2015. 100% of the ports are level 2 In 2001, the House Committee on Appropriations directed NHTSA to contract with the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study on the benefits and acceptability of minimally intrusive vehicle technologies to increase seat belt use. a. Ba(NO3)2\mathrm{Ba}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2Ba(NO3)2 NHTSA's research (for front seat belt Start Printed Page 51087warnings) suggests that longer-duration warnings are more effective, but also more annoying. [89] For rear seats, a visual signal must start once the ignition switch is engaged. We seek comment on whether NHTSA should propose warning system requirements that would necessitate occupant detection for the rear seats, and the technical and cost feasibility of doing so. [16] (Because the negative-only and full-status systems would indicate the presence of an unbuckled belt, they would probably want to avoid giving this warning unless the seat were occupied; if not, such false positives could lead the driver the disregard the warning or circumvent the system.). The President of the United States communicates information on holidays, commemorations, special observances, trade, and policy through Proclamations. One of the two collisions that happen in a crash is: The increase of speed is a squared relationship. Second, NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System studied the effectiveness and acceptability of rear seat belt warnings based on a consumer telephone survey of the drivers of vehicles with and without rear seat belt warning systems. Unbelted occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield, steering column and dashboard, they deform and crush. The hours of the docket are indicated above in the same location. 0000047389 00000 n Impact and crash calculations are conducted at Porsche Seatbelt anchorage any 0 - 50 using the LS-Dyna 3D Finite Element Program. on 0000045506 00000 n Seat belt warning systems encourage seat belt use by reminding unbuckled occupants to fasten their belts and/or by informing the driver that an occupant is unbelted, so that the driver can request the unbelted occupant to fasten their seat belt. 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and multipurpose passenger vehicles (MPVs) with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) or less. For a _____ conviction of a DUI you could pay a fine of not less than $500 or more than $2,000. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 39 (drivers); p. 45 (passengers). 15. DOT HS 812 069. 98. You do not need to change your windshield wipers; they should last as long as you own the car. You may also see the comments on the internet. MAP-21 instructs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding for a rear seat belt warning system and to issue a final rule if it would meet the requirements in section 30111 of the Safety Act. The President of the United States manages the operations of the Executive branch of Government through Executive orders. IIHS reported that enhanced SBRSs are standard equipment for the driver and front passenger in 90 and 78 percent, respectively, of the 2013 vehicle models. h[hkg6MMGp7w)**981&Ym55[]DEDD The inside of a parked car can quickly reach unsafe temperatures, even on a mild day. When you send a comment containing information claimed to be confidential business information, you should include a cover letter setting forth the information specified in our confidential business information regulation. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.2. NHTSA seeks comment on, among other things, potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. 39. Should the warning be standardized, and would this increase the likelihood that consumers would notice, recognize, and respond to the warnings? [29] In 2012, Congress passed MAP-21. 83. The limited duration driver's seat belt warning requirement has remained in the standard, with some changes, since 1974. 73. [34] NOPUS observations are made during daylight hours and are not necessarily representative of high-risk driving times when belt use may be lower. In addition, in order to ensure that the suppression feature does not inappropriately suppress the air bag for small-statured adults, FMVSS No. Euro NCAP specifies at least a 90 second visual signal for the front seats and only a 60 second visual signal for the rear seats in order to earn bonus points. [59] To read the comments on the internet, go to http://www.regulations.gov. This includes, among other things, a visual warning indicating any rear seating position in which a seat belt is unfastened. 33. The behavioral strategies were upgrading existing state seat belt laws; high-visibility enforcement campaigns; a national communications plan; employer policies and regulation; and insurance industry collaboration. better and aid in comparing the online edition to the print edition. Unbelted vehicle occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield, steering column and dashboard. Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb kinetic energy. Even with modern cars that are designed to absorb the energy of impact, a head-on collision may have more energy than the car design can dissipate. 0000043267 00000 n "|\JUe373 {Pa Should information about the reconnection of electrical components for any removable/stowable seats be placed in close proximity to the seat's electrical connection? In addition to a warning at the beginning of a trip, should there be a warning if a seat belt becomes unbuckled in the course of a trip (a change-of-status warning)? [83] This site displays a prototype of a Web 2.0 version of the daily Traffic signals direct traffic flow from two different directions.

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