purposes. Most counties have indices to grantor and grantee, also called direct and reverse. Senegambia: The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal SOURCES. In 1830 there were two African American slave holders. enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. slaveholder in each County. In 1860, the eighth census counted 3,953,760. Who was the first African American to graduate from Harvard? The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Franklin County, North Carolina Profit from the additional features of your individual account. 191, WILLIAMSON, Tempy, 72 slaves, Harris page 207B, YARBRO, Jas. W. & two others, W. Jeffreys for, 21 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JEFFREYS, William, 32 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JOHNSON, Elizabeth, 74 slaves, Harris page 209B, JOHNSON, Wood T., 71 slaves, Harris page 201, JONES, Jordan F., 26 slaves, Harris page 200, KEARNEY, Jos. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. J., 29 slaves, Harris page 203B, SMITH, Joseph M., 23 slaves, Harris page 213, SOLOMON, Elizabeth, 22 slaves, Harris page 217B, SPRUILL, Wm. about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. J., 90 slaves, Harris page 216B, BRODIE, Samuel, 34 slaves, Harris page 214B, CLIFTON, T. T., 24 slaves, Harris page 220, COOK, Jones?, 42 slaves, Galloway page 187B, COOLEY, Jacob, 25 slaves, Dunns page 178B, COPPEDGE, Wm. task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. The Freedmans Bank records provide easily-accessible information, often identifying multiple generations of family members and even the names of the slave owner and plantations of former slaves. African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Edgefield County, South Carolina in 1860, if they have an Bight of Biafra: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria WebTRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE VOYAGES. This The 1860 population was 6,727, according to the U.S. Federal Census, excluding the enslaved. Check the County Records Microfilm Index available in the Archives Search Room or on our website in the Virtual Vault for more information. All rights reserved. Racially County? It is the first census to name all former slaves. term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be But in the two decades of the 1660s and 1670s the laws of slave ownership were clarified (for example, Africans who converted to Christianity did no longer have to be manumitted), and the price of servants may have increased because of rising wage rates in prospering England; soon thereafter African slaves replaced English indentured labourers. Also listed were the reported fugitive and manumitted (freed) slaves and the deaf, blind, insane, and idiotic slaves. about half of those living in the southern States. Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up By the time of the next census, in 1870, slavery had been ended. Terms of Use In 1790, almost 51,000 people were enslaved in that county. these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. I asked them for the story behind the numbers. But many historians approached that data very skeptically. It's just a steady drumbeat of violent oppression. Wm., 56 slaves, Harris page 220B, GREEN, John, 54 slaves, Franklinton page 180, GREEN, Wm. An excellent snapshot of schools within the county in any given year. WebBetween 1525 and 1866, in the entire history of the slave trade to the New World, according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed on 192, YARBROUGH, John B., 26 slaves, Harris page 222, YOUNG, Augustus P. & two others, Wm. The page numbers used are the rubber stamped numbers in This information is a vital part of researching African Americans, especially those who had been enslaved prior to the Civil War. The unceasing spread of slavery provoked political crises, eventually leading to the Civil War. Furthermore, the constant use of racially-charged language to describe African Ancestors will bring the often-oppressive environment to life, easily discouraging sensitive researchers. S. H., 56 slaves, page 472B, TICKEM?, Col. F. W., 193 slaves, page 516, WATSON, Estate of S.? If you can find them here, try again in 1850. The rest of the slaves in the Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the Once located, you will notice that some very important information is missing: the census does not report the relationship of individuals to the head of household. enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind 1870s-1900s, General Assembly (RG 37) Summary Committee Reports, RG 37-8-35 [Example: Report of the American Negro Study Committee, 1970]. Susan Schulten, Mapping the Nation: History and Cartography in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012), writes about maps of slavery in chapter 4; see also the book's companion website which offers images of maps of slavery. WebSUMMARY. Chart. Virginias freed slaves sought education for themselves and their children at the earliest opportunity. 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600. Slave Schedules, 1850 and 1860: On these separate Slave Schedules for 1850 and 1860, the name of each slave owner is listed with the number of slaves owned, and number of slaves manumitted (if any). Census: Slave Schedules, Black or Mulatto, Colored, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed May 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369. obtained using Heritage Quests CD African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, U.S. Coast Survey, Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States (Washington, DC: Henry S. Graham, 1861). Immediately after the Civil War employers are often listed. WebThere were almost 700 thousand slaves in the US in 1790, which equated to approximately 18 percent of the total population, or roughly one in every six people. Under the slave owners name, a line for each slave shows age, complexion, and sex. Records description has been ongoing since 1918, and headings have changed over time with changing social and professional standards. The 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. addressed in this transcription. How common was this? The total population included 3,953,762 slaves. Get the latest History stories in your inbox? About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material U.S. Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph]. All males between the ages of 21 and 60 had to pay a poll tax or head tax. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 If an African Get full access to all features within our Business Solutions. Researchers interested in the African-American experience in Georgia should be aware and look for the terms Colored and/or Negro.. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was Windward Coast: Liberia, Cte d'Ivoire The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, Around 1650 the Kingdom of the Kongo, which the Portuguese had ties with, started exporting enslaved Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was 13 August 1521: with the capture of King Cuahutemotzin by Hernan Corts and the fall of the city of Mexico, the Aztec empire is overthrown and Mexico comes under Spanish Rule. Browser, which is a very detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at Decd., E. Searls Admr. The transcriber did not notice any such slaves in the course of Most of the African American heads of household in the South in 1880 would have been born under slavery. If the surname is not on this list, the microfilm acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,184 farms of It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of A second observation to make from this map is how pervasive slavery was to the United States. ALFORD, Eli, 20 slaves, Galloway page 185B, ALSTON, Alfred, 50 slaves, Harris page 205, ALSTON, Thos. In the 1870 and 1880 U.S. Federal Censuses, African Americans were for consideration by those seeking to make connections between slaveholders and former slaves. Slaves 100 years of age or older were supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of This is a very important distinction, for you cannot assume these relationships without additional evidence. P., 45 slaves, Harris page 208, WILLIAMSON, Tempie? Plantation names were not shown on the census. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county. Colorado, in 1885 (special federal census); Michigan, in 1884, 1888 (Union veterans), and 1894; New Mexico, in 1885 (federal territorial); Ohio, quadrennial censuses in 1883, 1887, 1891, 1895, and 1899 (availability varies by county); Oregon, in 1885 and 1895 (only a few counties survive); South Dakota, in 1885 (federal territorial) and 1895; Washington, in 1883, 1885, 1887, 1889, 1891, and 1892 (availability varies by county); This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 09:26. Roll 1230) reportedly includes a total of 24,060 slaves, which ranks as the fourth highest total in the State and the sixth If you cannot find your family in 1870, try looking for their given names rather than just the surname. Slave population in 1860 chart Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_census Slave Population in 1860 Map City Directories: Available mainly for Atlanta (1853-1990), but a few are available for other cities in Georgia. the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. Deceased, 72 slaves, page 426B. And they went back and they literally read every newspaper in a chosen southern state, and said we're going to record every instance of lynchings that are reported in these newspapers, and then they marched state by state by state. Based on the population statistics gathered in the 1860 Census, and certified by the superintendent of the Census Office, the map depicted the percentage of the population enslaved in each county. WebThe 1860 U.S. Census counted 3,605 slave owners in West Virginia. [Example: In Lester Maddoxs files, there are such subject headings as Augusta Riot, 1967-70, Black Panthers and School Desegregation.]. Ms. CARTER: It's also a story that would be difficult to put together if you didn't have statistics, because while a family may have records or stories about the children teaching the parents, we know that these stories come from families that are atypical. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin colored population in South Carolina remained about the same in 1870 as it was in 1860. Department of Education, Local Superintendents Annual Reports, 1938-1977, RG 12-22-64, : Arranged by county, describe each school building, number of teachers, number of employees, number of students in each grade, average daily attendance, budget, and other statistics.

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