else By settling on land that local farmers deemed undesirable or less desirable, newcomers contradicted the traditional land-holding pattern. Public policy also influenced the shift from cotton to soybeans. By the time Congress took steps in 1888 to again limit access to the public domain, Arkansas had few public lands left. Laws favorable to small-business development encouraged partnerships between poultry growers and processors and a redevelopment of land use. The 1930s were difficult for almost all Americans, but for Arkansas farmers, the Depression started with the Flood of 1927, a disastrous flood along the Mississippi River and its tributaries. But fewer than half (12,680) of the original claimants lived on their homesteads long enough to make a final entry. function s4() { Ironically, while millions of acres were being brought into cultivation, thousands of people were leaving the land. Ozark Lake, formed on the Arkansas River southwest of Mulberry, is surrounded by a WMA, The United States Forest Service operates both the Ouachita National Forest and the Ozark National Forest within the region, offering trails, camping, and fishing over thousands of acres of public land. These crops brought diversification to the Deltas agricultural practices that generations of spokesmen had only dreamed about. var head = document.head || document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; inner.style.visibility = 'visible'; Many war veterans, attracted to the artificially high prices in farming, bought land and frequently went into debt to do so. Some row crop agriculture is also present in the Arkansas River Valley. In 1945, about 4.5 acres of cotton were planted for each acre of soybeans; by 1955, acreage of the two crops was almost equal, and by 1960, there were more than six acres of soybeans per acre of cotton. If you can, provide 1-2 sources of information backing up this correction. Between the Mississippi and Red River floodplains lay the West Gulf Coastal Plain. // ]]> count = d.length; Costs of machines, land, and inputs had forced out all but the most skilled and daring farmers. The devastating Mississippi River flood of 1927 has deservedly entered the realm of legend and lore, being one of the most costly natural disasters in American history. Over the past two million years, rivers carried soil particles from the upper Midwest and cut through thick loess deposits in the lower Mississippi River Valley. In the decade before the Civil War, the regions population increased more than 100 percent, and the slave population grew more than 120 percent. (Division of Agriculture photo.) Get the latest research results from our county agents. for (var i in d) { One of these, the Grand Prairie, a vast treeless region between the Arkansas and White rivers, occupies more than 500,000 acres of natural grassland in the south-central section. [14] Today, the Altus Area Coal Miner's Memorial is a series of five sculptures paying homage to area coal miners, with the names of over 2,500 local miners engraved at the site. In that period, the price averaged about eleven cents per pound and the price increased, marginally, only eight times. Soil is one the most precious natural resources in Arkansas as it is the foundation [CDATA[ Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Central Arkansas Library System. var googleAccountID = "UA-39815896-1"; [11] Several of the River Valley's small towns were founded by these groups, beginning as small clusters of immigrants and evolving into cohesive communities. The Stephens Gallery hosts exhibits of glass and ivory carvings. From 1940 to 1978, about 2.5 million acres of forest were cleared and most of that land was brought into cultivation. Feed & Fertilizer DivisionArkansas State Plant Board, // You briefly mention free range of cattle in the nineteenth century in association with tenant/sharecropper farmers and say that beef cattle were often kept on free range prior to World War II, but I didnt notice any mention of free-range hogs in upland/GCP areas of Arkansas. However, the railroad's prominence declined during the Great Depression, shrinking Altus's economy and population. By the early part of the twenty-first century, family farm dairying had largely disappeared, with Arkansas having just over 40,000 dairy cattle and 420 dairy farms. } By the twenty-first century, about sixty percent of Arkansas farmers raised cattle. Starting with home consumption, some family-owned wineries were able to expand their operations to be commercially successful and survive almost two decades of Prohibition by producing communion wine for churches. Typically, the cattle operations were on family farms. When many of the small farmers did not return to the land after the war ended, as they had following World War I, landowners were forced to rely on machinery even more. Delta Empire: Lee Wilson and the Transformation of Agriculture in the New South. After a few years, most farmers were convinced that the relative ease of producing soybeans made it the crop for the future. Mountains, West Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi River Alluvial Plain, Avian Influenza Biosecurity Best Practices, APEX Accelerator & Government Contracting, Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food & Life Sciences. for (var i in d) { Taylor, Orville. In other areas, particularly the Coastal Plain, farmers converted cropland to timber farms. } // for (var y in children) { The ARVAC Food Bank, located at 504 Union Street in Dardanelle, provides food for local churches, community food pantries, and soup kitchens. for (var i in d) { } Cotton, the crop most identified with the Delta, did not appear until after the United States acquired the region with the Louisiana Purchase. This page is not available in other languages. { Populism in Arkansas. MA thesis, George Peabody College for Teachers (now Vanderbilt Universitys Peabody College), 1931. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2000. The cost of the war effort, loss of human capital, and Confederate currency losing value were serious issues for the South in addition to the destruction of property, infrastructure, and crops. Near Booneville, Blue Mountain Lake offers a variety of recreational opportunities. Low prices, coupled with erratic weather patterns and periodic bollworm infestation, challenged even the best farmer. Again, farmers turned to activism. In the southern part of Arkansas we find Coastal Plain soils, which are marine deposits After 1970, federal officials modified the program and took steps to limit the acreage being developed for agriculture. } When state and private charities failed to meet the need, federal officials established a Drought Committee to review conditions and provide low-interest loans for farmers to use in buying farm supplies and forage for livestock. In recent years, Arkansas has averaged 600,000 acres of wheat and yields have averaged 58 bushels per acre. In total, Otto Nuttli reported more than 200 moderate to large aftershocks in the New Madrid region between December 16, 1811, and March 15, 1812: ten of these were greater than about 6.0; about one hundred were between M5.0 and 5.9; and eighty-nine were in the magnitude 4 range. Herbs, native plants, & reference desk QA. The majority of the wheat is grown in: Mississippi River Delta region in Eastern Arkansas Arkansas River Valley region of Western Arkansas } inner.style.opacity = '0'; In many areas of the state, ground water has been depleted at a rapid rate, and rice farmers, in particular, face difficult choices between replenishing the aquifer and impounding surface wateror even leaving farming. River Valley Horticultural Products, Inc. | Little Rock AR . Shadows Over Sunnyside: Evolution of a Plantation in Arkansas, 18301945. c[e].id = "answer" + b; This culture lives on today in the five vineyards still in operation. Jammers Reunion in Adona, April. Arkansas is a top-ten producer of soft red winter wheat in the United States. Hands-on activities in an outdoor setting. It is the entire synclinorium, or trough, lying between the two well defined groups of mountains"; Arkansas Natural Area Plan (Little Rock: Arkansas Department of Planning, 1974), 13. document.getElementById("copyright-date").innerHTML = d.getFullYear(); There are roughly 47,800 farms in Arkansas, with an average size of 282 acres. Agriculture has a history going back 200 years and has always been important to the economics of the region. The Arkansas Department of Agriculture and its partners in wildfire suppression, prescribed fire, and conservation combine hands-on exercises and classroom material to teach basic fire suppression, advanced suppression strategy and tactics, engine operation, dozer operation, Incident Command procedures, and more. a++; Additional support provided by the Arkansas General Assembly. Elkins, Francis Clark. // var c = document.querySelectorAll('[id^=answer]'); //

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