Srinivas has called the unity of the village manifested in these interrelations the vertical unity of the village (1952: 31f. Further, during this lengthy process of slow amalgamation those who will marry in defiance of the barriers of sub-caste, will still be imbued with caste mentality (1932: 184). The Hindu population of Gujarat was divided first of all into what I have called caste divisions of the first order. 01051 kerala 01 ganak 01052 kerala 01 gounder kongu vellala 01053 kerala 01 gounder menon 01054 kerala 01 gounder padaiyachi 01055 Bhagat is a term used in the Indian subcontinent to describe religious personalities who have obtain high acclaim in their community for their services and devoutness. As could be expected, there were marriages between fairly close kin, resulting in many overlapping relationships, in such an endogamous unit. [22][23], Increasing numbers of the Meghwal today are educated and are obtaining government jobs. Uttarakhand Caste List 2023 PDF | SC ST OBC & GEN . Read Also:150 Most Popular Indian Last Names For Your Baby The name, Talapada, meaning "mdigenous", commonly used in the 19th century, is most clear, since it is clearly distinguished from the other division called Pardeshi, meaning "foreign", who during the last one or two centuries immigrated here from the area around Patan in north Gujarat and were, therefore, also called Patan- wadias . Disclaimer 9. Kolis were the largest first-order division in Gujarat. [21], In the countryside of Rajasthan, many of the people of this community still reside in small hamlets of round, mud-brick huts painted on the outside with colourful geometric designs and decorated with detailed mirror inlays. We had seen earlier that in the first-order division, such as that of the Rajputs, there were no second-order divisions, and no attempt was made to form small endogamous units: hypergamy had free play, as it were. Although the name of a Brahman or Vania division might be based on a place name, the division was not territorial in nature. Mehta comes from the Sanskrit word mahita that means great or praised.. The Rajputs, in association with Kolis, Bhils, and such other castes and tribes, provide an extreme example of such castes. The Bhambis are not allowed to wear gold and silver ornaments, but an exception is made in the case of head village Bhambi and his wife. ", The Meghwal are found in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. When Mr. H. Borradaile in A.D. 1827 collected information regarding the customs of Hindus, no less than 207 castes which did not intermarry, were found in the city of Surat alone. The surname thus refers to a treasurer. They adopted Rajput customs and traditions, claimed Rajput status, and gave daughters in marriage to Rajputs in the lower rungs of Rajput hierarchy. The women of the Charnia Bhambis wear a dress of yellow colour like the Charan women. We need to formulate some idea of the nature of the Indian urban society and its relation with the rural society in the past, at least at the beginning of the 19th century. When divisions are found within a jati, the word sub-jati or sub-caste is used. The Kanbis (now called Patidars) had five divisions: Leva, Kadya, Anjana, Bhakta, and Matia. 6. 2021, Vidyabharati International Interdisplinary Research Journal (Special Issue) . Most of the second-order divisions were further divided into third-order divisions. Barot Vahivancha Charan, Gadhvi, Gadhavi (where they are not Scheduled Tribe) -do- 5. They were found in almost every village in plains Gujarat and in many villages in Saurashtra and Kachchh. Frequently, The ekdas or gols were each divided into groups called tads (split). Examples include Balai, Menghwar, Bhambhi ,meghwar, meghwanshi, Kamad, Rikhia. Pregnancy Registration in India When, How, And Why, Spicy Foods During Pregnancy Benefits, Side Effects and Precautions. Usually, a single Koli division had different local names in different parts of Gujarat, but more about this later. Kambadia Bhagat 12011/68/93-BCC(C) dt 10/09/1993 31. Many of them became the norm-setting elite for Gujaratis in the homeland. List of 24 More Backward Classes | List of Castes | Director In any case, the population of any large caste was found in many kingdoms. Mistri is used to refer to a mason or any other skilled artisan. At the other end were castes in which the principle of division had free play and the role of the principle of hierarchy was limited. For example, if they belonged to two different second-order divisions, such as Shrimali and Modh, the punishment would be greater than if they belonged to two different ekdas within the Shrimali or the Modh division. Another major factor in the growth of urban centres in Gujarat was political. Rabari, Bhopa, KodiatarSorathiya Rabari, Champya. Our analysis of caste in towns has shown how it differed significantly from that in villages. The census operations, in particular, spread as they were over large areas, gave a great impetus to writings on what Srinivas has called the horizontal dimension of caste (1952: 31f;1966: 9,44,92,98-100,114-17). Waghari, Dataniya Waghari, Veduwaghari, Talpada Waghari, Gamachiya Waghari,Godadia Waghari, Chibhadia Waghari, Mardada or Marwada Waghari ,Devipuiak, , , , , , , . We hope you think that is sweet. Muslims castes in Gujarat - newpakhistorian The surname refers to those who came from a family of Purohits.. Near about 146 caste which belongs to SEBC that is highest in Gujrat. Sorathiya Rathodia, Raval-Ravalia Jati or Raval Yogi RAval Jati Jagaria, - , Sipai, Patni Jamat or Turk Jamat (all Muslim), Thakarda Thakore Patanwadia Dharala Baria, Vahiyancha Charan-Gadhavi of Harijan Vankar and Chamar, Valand Nayi and Barbar Hindu) Hajam(Muslim) Khalipha (Muslim), () () (), Vanzara, Kangasiwala (Hindu) and Vanzara (Muslim) of Dang district only, , () () ), Waghari Dataniya Vaghari Vedu Waghari Talpada Waghari Gamachi WAghari Godadia Waghari Chibhadia Waghari Marwada VAghari, Marwadi Waghari77. The error is further compounded whenalthough this is less commonthe partial, rural model of traditional caste is compared with the present urban situation, and conclusions are drawn about overall change. The existence of flexibility at both the levels was made possible by the flexibility of the category Rajput. Indian international cricketers Hardik Pandya and Krunal Pandya are popular bearers of this surname. Kothari derives its name from the words Kotha or Kothar, which means treasury or godown. That the sociological study of urban areas in India has not received as much attention as that of rural areas is well known, and the studies made so far have paid little attention to caste in urban areas. We will now analyze the internal structure of a few first-order divisions, each of which was split into divisions going down to the fourth order. Subaltern studies changed how resistance struggles are understood Literally, then, the words Meghwal and Meghwar connote a people who belong to Megh lineage. The guiding ideas were samaj sudharo (social reform) and samaj seva (social service). The popularity and usage of Gujarati surnames have changed significantly over the period of years due to changes in social, linguistic, and cultural trends. However, on the basis of the meagre information I have, I am able to make a few points. Most of the business class belongs to this community due to their business sense. They then spread to towns in the homeland and among all castes. How are Gujarati surnames traditionally passed down through families? Since the beginning of the modern reform movement to encourage inter-caste marriages-most of which are in fact inter-tad or inter-ekda marriagesthe old process of fission into ekdas and tads has come to a halt, and it is, therefore, difficult to understand this process without making a systematic historical enquiry. These last names are rooted in ethnic, topographic, and occupational backgrounds. Social organization at the Jamat Bandi level varies from community to community. Usually, the latter were distinguished from one another by prohibition. MomJunction provides content for informational purposes only. The co-residence of people belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a division of a higher order has been a prominent feature of caste in towns and cities. That Rajputs were one of the divisions, if not the only division of the first-order, not having further divisions, has already been mentioned. The exact meaning of the surname is unknown. The Meghs, Kabir Panthi or Bhagat are from Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir [16] and are known as Megh, Arya Megh and Bhagat. Castes which did not sit together at public feasts, let alone at meals in homes, only 15 or 20 years ago, now freely sit together even at meals in homes. //]]>. Then please ask us by writing in the comment box. Apparently this upper boundary of the division was sharp and clear, especially when we remember that many of these royal families practised polygyny and female infanticide until middle of the 19th century (see Plunkett 1973; Viswa Nath 1969, 1976). Some of them lived before Guru Nanak, but came to have a monotheistic as opposed to a polytheistic doctrine. These linkages played an important role in the traditional social structure as well as in the processes of change in modern India. But this is not enough. Marriages are arranged through negotiation between the families before puberty. Most are Hindu by religion, with Rishi Megh, Kabir, and Ram Devji, and Bankar Mataji their chief gods. He stresses repeatedly the primacy of the principle of hierarchy-epitomized in the title of his book. The Gujarati surname probably derives its name from the word Jari/Zari, which refers to the shining gold and silver threads used in Indian apparel. For the sake of bravity and simplicity of presentation, I have not provided detailed documentation. 4 0 obj I know some ekdas, and tads composed of only 150 to 200 households. The three trading castes of Vania, Lohana and Bhatia were mainly urban. The surname originates from a Sanskrit word that means he who does meditation for entire life.. To whichever of the four orders a caste division belonged, its horizontal spread rarely, if ever, coincided with that of another. [CDATA[ I should hasten to add, however, that the open-minded scholar that he is, he does not rule out completely the possibility of separation existing as independent principle. They worked not only as high priests but also as bureaucrats. Most of the other eighty or so second-order divisions among Brahmans, however, seem to be subdivided the way the Vania second-order divisions were subdivided into third-order and fourth-order divisions. Gujrat has a rich cultural heritage. For example, among Vanias in a large town like Ahmedabad many of the thirty or forty second-order divisions (such as Khadayata, Modh, Porwad, Shrimali, and so on) were represented. <> Meghwal - Wikipedia Nevertheless, a breakdown of the population of Gujarat into major religious, caste and tribal groups according to the census of 1931 is presented in the following table to give a rough idea of the size of at least some castes. The castes of the three categoriesprimarily urban, primarily rural, and rural-cum-urbanformed an intricate network spread over the rural and urban communities in the region. This was unlike the situation among the Rajputs who did not make any attempt to form small endogamous units. In the village strict prohibition of inter-division marriage as well as the rules of purity and pollution and other mechanisms, of which the students of Indian village communities are well aware since the 1950s, maintained the boundaries of these divisions. In the second-order divisions of the Leva Kanbis, the Anavils and the Khedawals, while the hypergamous tendency was strong, attempts were continually made to form small endogamous units: although the strength of the hypergamous tendency did not allow these units to function effectively, they nevertheless checked its free play to some extent. Shroff is derived from seraf, a Gujarati word that means banker, cashier, or a money-lender. Patel comes from the word Patlikh, which was a title given by the king to someone who worked as a record keeper of crops and taxes from a piece of land. Until recently, sociologists and anthropologists described Indian society as though it had no urban component in the past. This does not solve the problem if there are four orders of divisions of the kind found in Gujarat. Sometimes a division corresponding to a division among Brahmans and Vanias was found in a third first-order division also. The Kolis seem to have had only two divisions in every part of Gujarat: for example, Talapada (indigenous) and Pardeshi (foreign) in central Gujarat and Palia and Baria in eastern Gujarat (significantly, one considered indigenous and the other outsider). I do not propose to review the literature on caste here; my aim is to point out the direction towards which a few facts from Gujarat lead us. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The understanding of changes in caste is not likely to be advanced by clubbing such diverse groups together under the rubric of ethnic group. The Kolis in such an area may not even be concerned about a second-order divisional name and may be known simply as Kolis. The small town sections therefore separated themselves from the respective large town sections and formed a new ekda. Many of the popular Gujarati surnames trace their roots to the occupations or businesses held by the original bearers of the surname. Similar sounding surnames: Bagot, Bhagwat, Bhakta, Bhagat, Bisht. Most of them were, true to their name, rulers at various levels of the political hierarchy from the kingly level to the level of dominant caste in many villages. I have, therefore, considered them a first-order division and not a second-order one among Brahmans (for a fuller discussion of the status of Anavils, see Joshi, 1966; Van der Veen 1972; Shah, 1979). Please download and print this list. Nor were ekdas and tads entirely an urban phenomenon. Each unit was ranked in relation to others, and many members of the lower units married their daughters into the higher units, so that almost every unit became loose in the course of time. Although the number of inter-ekda marriages has been increasing, even now the majority of marriages take place within an ekda. David F. Pocock's classic sociological survey Kanbi And Patidar: A Study Of The Patidar Community Of Gujarat, opens with the lines: "Patidar is the name of a large and influential caste which . There was apparently a close relation between a castes internal organization and the size and spatial distribution of its population. There were Brahman and Vania divisions of the same name, the myths about both of them were covered by a single text. The latter continued to be the provincial capital during Mughal rule. , -, -, -, -, Labana, Mheravat, Goti, Hadkashi, Zod Dhinga, Pelya, Shatbe,Baman, , , , , , , , , Machhi (Hindu)Kharwa, Khalas, Dhimar, Dhivar, Mitna Tandel, Mangela, Khalasi, Sarang, Kahar, () , , , , , , , , , Majothi Kumbar, Majothi, Kumbar, Darban or Darban Majothi(all Muslim), , , ( ), Matwa or Matwa-Kureshi (muslim), Gavli (Hindu), - (), (), Mochi, Jansali, Siyania, Myanagar, Jingar, Dasania, Chamadia, Bharatbhara, Chandia, Sonari, Aari Bharatbhara, (except Dang district and Umargam taluka of Valsad district, , , , , , , , , , , , ( , Pinjara, Ganchi-Pinjara, Mansuri-Pinjara (all Muslim), , -, - ( ). The method is to remove first the barriers of the divisions of the lowest order and then gradually those of one higher order after another. It reflects, on the one hand, the political aspirations of Kolis guided by the importance of their numerical strength in electoral politics and on the other hand, the Rajputs attempt to regain power after the loss of their princely states and estates. state stateid caste subcaste castecode kerala 01 ezhava varrer 01047 kerala 01 ezhava vathi 01048 kerala 01 ezhava 01049 kerala 01 ezhuthachan 01050 kerala 01 g.s.b. If the sea and ships thrill you, these names are for you. They were involved in agriculture in one way or another. Any one small caste may look insignificant in itself but all small castes put together become a large social block and a significant social phenomenon. The surname is derived from the Sanskrit word gandha, meaning fragrance. Ganjawala The exact meaning of the Ganjawala surname is unknown. The Suthar community is mostly involved in the field of carpentry. The Rajputs in Radhvanaj, the village I have studied in central Gujarat, had no great difficulty in establishing their claim to being Rajputs: they owned substantial amounts of land under a traditional Rajput tenure, dominated village politics and possessed certain other traditional Rajput symbols. Madhurima takes a keen interest in parenting and lifestyle. They are proud of their community and carry it far for it to prosper. PDF CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF GUJARAT Entry No Caste - NCBC You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The exact meaning of the Ganjawala surname is unknown. For example, among the Khadayata Vanias there are all-Khadayata associations as well as associations for the various ekdas and sometimes even for their tads (see Shah, Ragini 1978). The Meghwal women's embroidery is avidly sought after. The surname thus has an occupational origin. endobj A surname comes from the Sanskrit word vyasa meaning the compiler. The surname would have been associated with those who worked as compilers of ancient texts. Nose rings and earrings are often decorated with precious stones of ruby, sapphire and emerald. Moreover, the king himself belonged to some caste (not just to the Kshatriya Varna) and frequently a number of kings belonged to the same caste (e.g., Rajput). The Kayatias main occupation was to perform a ritual on the eleventh day after death, during which they took away offerings made to ghosts: this was the main cause of their extremely low status among Brahmans. The following surnames in the Shree Sorathia Prajapati community are being used and obtained through heritage for centuries: It is assumed the surname would have been a title for a nobleman or noblewoman. Shyam Lal Rawat refers to the Meghwals of Rajasthan as "one of the dominating backward castes",[13] a connection also made by Debashis Debnath. They also continued to have marital relations with their own folk. The surname Patlikh evolved into Patel to denote a village chief or the headman of a village. Willy, Will, or Willa - Which one will you choose for your baby? After marriage, the wife moves to the husband's house, except for the period of childbirth. Within each of these divisions, small endogamous units (ekdas, gols, bandhos) were organized from time to time to get relief from the difficulties inherent in hypergamy. [2], The Meghwal community is known by various names, depending on location. It is possible that there were a few divisions each confined to just one large city and, therefore, not having the horizontal dimension at all. Here, usually, what mattered was the first-order division, as for example Brahman, Vania, Rajput, Kanbi, carpenter, barber, leather-worker, and so on. It is an occupational surname that referred to someone who worked as a supervisor or a proprietor. For example, there was considerable ambiguity about the status of Anavils. In the past the dispersal over a wide area of population of an ekda or tad was uncommon; only modern communications have made residential dispersal as well as functional integration possible. Bavri or Baori -do- 6. These powerful last names will allow your little ones to flaunt their surnames with pride. There was also another important correlation. For Sindhi folk art, see, http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2806/1/41944_1961_ETH.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagat&oldid=1146477012, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 March 2023, at 03:36. , , ( S.T ), Sathwara, Satawara, Sathwara-Kadiya, Satwar-Kadiya, Dalwadi and Kadiya, , , -, =, , Mali, Fulmali, Marathi Mali, Kachh Mali, Jire Mali, Bagban, Ravin, , , , , , , . Also, the horizontal spread of a caste rarely coincided with the territorial boundaries of a political authority. A first-order division could be further divided into two or more second-order divisions. A blacksmith or an artisan, they all have a good business sense and know-how to reap profits and carry their cultural heritage all over the world. Old is always gold and the proof of this pudding is these names. Caste divisions of the first-order can be classified broadly into three categories. No one knows when and how they came into existence and what they meant socially. Surname (or family name) Bhakta has Indian origin, most common language spoken by them is Gujarati, they are originated and/or found widely in Gujarat state. As regards the specific case of the Rajput-Koli relationship, my impression is that, after the suppression of female infanticide in the first half of the 19th century, the later prohibition of polygyny, and the recent removal of princely states and feudal land tenures among the Rajputs on the one hand, and the increasing sanskritization as well as Rajputization among the Kolis on the other, marriage ties between these divisions have become more extensive than before.

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