Credit: Michelle Frankfurter, Jacquelyn Martin / AP Photos, Support our on-going litigation and advocacy work. Only 2 percent were carrying drugs. Moreover, the NYCLU has pointed out that more weapons have been found on whites stopped and frisked than on Blacks and Latinos, so it makes little sense that police have disproportionately pulled aside minorities in the city. One of the topics on the agenda of the world peace and security, the issue of racial profiling is well worth taking a closer look at. [note 7] McConnell, E. H., and A. R. Scheidegger, Race and Speeding Citations: Comparing Speeding Citations Issued by Air Traffic Officers With Those Issued by Ground Traffic Officers, paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Washington, D.C., April 2001, 48. Sharpen your thoughts on racial profiling with this definition. Ways of dealing with racism in American education, Discuss the causes and ehhects of racism in America, Racial Profiling: Definition | American Civil Liberties Union, This is why everyday racial profiling is so dangerous CNN, Racial profiling: Germany debating police methods DW, Racial Profiling Equal Justice Initiative. Hence, some researchers argue that what happens during the stop is as important as the reason for it. The Ohio ACLU issued a press release stating, The strife that has grown from the death of Timothy Thomas is a clear indication of the way in which racial profiling, over-policing, and a breakdown in communications between the police and the community can tear a city in two.. It's incredibly offensive and unfair behavior that causes most of the protests in support of people of color. In addition to these cases, immigrant rights groups have also raised concerns about U.S. Border Patrol agents using excessive and deadly force on undocumented immigrants with impunity. Salespeople in these situations may ignore patrons of color or refuse to show them high-end goods when they ask to see them. Racial Profiling and Traffic Stops | National Institute of Justice This definition found in some state racial profiling laws is unacceptable, because it fails to include when police act on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin or religion in combination with an alleged violation of all law. Racial profiling is not uncommon. A+ custom essay In 1997, California state highway patrol canine units stopped almost 34,000 vehicles. In South Dakota, widespread reports of racial profiling led to hearings before the state legislature, where Indians testified about their being stopped and searched not only based on race but also on religious articles hanging from rearview mirrors, and regional license plates that identified them as living on reservations. [note 10] Walker, Samuel, Searching for the Denominator: Problems with Police Traffic Stop Data and an Early Warning System Solution, Justice Research and Policy 3 (2001): 6395. This would eliminate the vast majority of racial profiling now occurring. How Racial Profiling Led to the Death of Trayvon Martin? So, in addition to questions about bias in the decision to initiate a stop, questions have been asked about bias in other aspects of the traffic stop: the length of the stop and the decision to cite, search or use force. In general, courts use two tests. Md., 1993) featured another study. 29 January. A documented essay can be assigned in school or college. Defining racial profiling as relying solely on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin or religion can be problematic. Living while Black on Campus: a Roadmap for Student Activism. revealed that 16% of Hispanic adults who have darker skin reported that they had been unfairly stopped by police in the 12 months prior to March 2021, as opposed to 8% of those with lighter skin. South Dakota (Wagner)- While not involving the use of physical canine force, the issue reached a new low when school officials and police led a large German shepherd drug dog through classrooms in suspicionless drug searches of Yankton Sioux K-12 students, some as young as six years old. You actually need to write a reflexive essay, not a reflective one. Our team at the Police Brutality Center understands how devastating racial profiling can be. According to Jim, the reason why there is racial profiling is that a lot of black people and Hispanics are involved in crime than white people. Gammage's family settled a wrongful death civil rights lawsuit against the five officers involved and their police departments for $1.5 million. Furthermore, researchers are exploring whether bias, if it exists, is a department-wide culture or isolated in certain units or a select few problem officers. Some victims experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of profiling. It is also a good idea to add some information about the most important findings. The way in which the justice system handled the circumstances behind the death of the black teenager represents a society that is less concerned with the plight of the black minority in the nation. Racial Profiling and Why it Hurts Minorities. He attested that most of the witnesses in the case had made calls to 991 immediately after the Martin was shot. Examples of in a sentence, how to use it. Resolving each of these questions requires different data sources and different methodological approaches. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. 54 examples: Patrick also worked on issues including racial profiling, police misconduct For example, one study found a link between chronic stress from frequent racist encounters and chronic low-grade inflammation. This article was developed by the editorial team of Custom-Writing.org, a professional writing service with 3-hour delivery. This is everyday racial profiling - and it doesn't just hurt the victims. Does Contact Racial Profiling Lead to Aggressive Police Conduct? The settlement included a summary that Latinos were 96 percent of the 2,907 people arrested in the 187 worksite raids carried out by the INS in the district, fat greater than their representation in the city's legal or illegal population. The Garden Grove (CA) Police Department settled a gang database racial profiling lawsuit by a group of young Asian Americans who said their civil rights were violated when officers photographed them as suspected gang members based merely on their ethnicity and clothing. Looking for a racial profiling essay topic? But racial profiling has led countless people to live in fear, casting entire communities as suspect simply because of what they look like, where they come from, or what religion they adhere to. And if you struggle to come up with a good one yourself, you can get help from a thesis statement generator online. Is there a racial disparity gap in healthcare? [note6] Montgomery County, Maryland, Department of Police, Traffic Stop Data Collection Analysis: Third Report, 2002. The following states appear to require independent reasonable suspicion for dog searches: Alaska,4 Illinois,5 Minnesota,6 New Hampshire, New York,8 Pennsylvania,9 and Washington.10. Keep reading this guide made by Custom-writing.org experts. Find a short and sweet topic collection below. The U.S. Department of Justice also sued, settling when the city revised its use of force policy. The truth is, according to professor Kelley, that the racial homicide and violence committed in these areas is caused by the police and not the black community living in the areas. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Evidence produced in one case showed that although 16 percent of its shoppers were African American, 87 percent of the false arrest claims were made by them. Terms in this set (12) Define racial profiling. IvyPanda. You may play the devil advocates role and support it in the paper on racial profiling. Racial profiling is a longstanding and deeply troubling national problem despite claims that the United States has entered a post-racial era. It occurs every day, in cities and towns across the country, when law enforcement and private security target people of color for humiliating and often frightening detentions, interrogations, and searches without evidence of criminal activity and based on perceived race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion. At times, the sheriffs would even release black suspects to the lynch mobs. A 2021 Pew Research Center study revealed that 16% of Hispanic adults who have darker skin reported that they had been unfairly stopped by police in the 12 months prior to March 2021, as opposed to 8% of those with lighter skin. Racial profiling also refers to instances when law officers refuse to act to prevent crimes solely based on race, such as when police fail to respond to reports of violence against Black families in a white neighborhood or prevent the lynchings of African-Americans. On the other hand, criminal profiling relies on actual behavior or information about suspected activity by someone who meets a description of a suspect. The market rate of interest for these bonds is 10%. Included were skin color, speaking Spanish or English with a Spanish accent, appearing to be of South or Central American descent and wearing clothing not typical of North Americans. Such characterizations in major American cities are common to born and naturalized citizens alike. It contains plenty of useful materials for everyone. On January 1, Martinez Inc. issued $3,000,000, 11% bonds for$3,195,000. This includes security guards at department stores, airport security agents, police officers, or, more recently, airline pilots who have ordered passengers to disembark from flights, because the passengers' ethnicity aroused the pilots' suspicions. The ACLU argued that the bicyclists were stopped in this predominantly white suburb of Detroit because of their race and not because they were doing anything wrong. 3 examples of racial profiling | Sivin, Miller & Roche LLP There are three elements that any essay must have: The main body should have at least three paragraphs in which you present your arguments supported by evidence. The share who says racial discrimination is the main reason why many blacks can't get ahead is up 9 points since last year and is the highest it has been in Pew Research Center surveys dating to 1994. For example, a police department might use race to determine who to stop for minor traffic offenses or jaywalking. Some victims of racial profiling receive only a traffic ticket or are inconvenienced by being taken to the police station for no reason. Racial Profiling: Definition | American Civil Liberties Union Proving racial profiling typically requires the use of statistics. So, good luck with your papers on racial profiling! As concerns about unauthorized immigration reach a fever pitch in the United States, more Latinos find themselves subjected to racial profiling. Racial profiling Flashcards | Quizlet https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/racial-profiling-essay-examples/, IvyPanda. This definition of racial profiling is used in context and coupled with examples to help clarify. Abstract There are many different reasons for people to engage in criminal activities. [note5] Lange, James E., Kenneth O. Blackman, and Mark B. Johnson, Speed Violation Survey of the New Jersey Turnpike: Final Report, submitted to the Office of the Attorney General of New Jersey, 2001. Racial profiling is a fact of life. If you or a loved one is a victim of racial profiling, contact us today. Law enforcement initiated action based on an individual's race, Ethnicity, or national origin rather than on the individual's behavior or on information identifying the individual as having engaged in criminal activity. Pauline Hampton and her niece, both African-Americans, were shopping at the Dillard Department Store in Overland Park, Kansas , a suburb of Kansas City, with their children. A second test is the hit rate, or the number of stops that actually unearth criminal activity. January 29, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/racial-profiling-essay-examples/. Asians, who, according to the U.S. census, number 10 million, or 4 percent of the population, have been victims of racial profiling as well. Racial profiling by law enforcement is a serious and ongoing issue. The objective of the essay is to explore the pros of racial profiling and offer argumentative support on the same. The authors concluded that the results did not support the perception that a high level of discrimination occurs prior to a traffic stop. A related issue is the targeting by police, first reported by the ACLU in Florida, of Latinos waiting on public sidewalks for labor employers to appear and select them for work, under the offense of being "visual clutter.". We also understand the laws surrounding racial profiling. This way, your essay would be both informative and persuasive. In Terry v Ohio, 391 U.S. 1 (1968), the court held that stop-and-frisk searches, which were linked to widespread racial profiling and harassment, must be warranted to be legal. Is racial profiling a discrimination or a necessary evil? Finally, precincts where minorities constitute the majority of the overall population tended to see more "stop & frisk" activity than precincts where whites constitute a majority of the population: Of the ten precincts showing the highest rate of "stop and frisk" activity (measured by "stops" per 1,000 residents), in only one (the 10 th Precinct) was the majority of the population white. ThoughtCo. Which United States Supreme Court Held That, in General, Racial Profiling Is Unconstitutional? Exemplification essays, which are also called illustration essays, are considered one of the easiest papers to write. The article contains a writing guide, a collection of racial profiling essay topics, ideas, and examples, as well as the tips on making a racial profiling essay outline. The disparate treatment of racial minorities by law enforcement officials is a common example of racial profiling in the United States. During the arrest, former police officer, now convicted murderer Derek Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck while Floyd was handcuffed and lying on his face. Opinion is dramatically different than in November 2009 - one year after Barack Obama was elected president - when just 18% said . In racial profiling, law enforcement officials target individuals as suspects in a crime based on the individual's race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin, according to the American Civil Liberties Union. Real help for those who cant cope with the task! Others reported having nightmares and experiencing suicidal thoughts. They also reported that in that year, 40 percent of police dog attacks were against African Americans, and that 91 people had received police dog bite injuries requiring hospitalization. Rather than feeling that police officers are protecting them, many members of minority ethnic groups said they felt the need to be protected from the police. Research has verified that people of color are more often stopped than whites. Italian Americans are defined as Italian immigrants living in the United States of America or someone born in the United States with an Italian heritage. We hope that they will inspire you to write an A+ paper on racism and discrimination. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. By contrast, whites are 43.4 percent of the City's population, but accounted for only 12.9 percent of all stops. Racial Profiling: Past, Present, and Future? National Institute of Justice, "Racial Profiling and Traffic Stops," January 9, 2013, nij.ojp.gov: Research for the Real World: NIJ Seminar Series, The North Carolina Highway Traffic Study (pdf, 407 pages), Methods for Assessing Racially Biased Policing,, Seat Belt Use in 2008 Race and Ethnicity Results Among Occupants Traveling With Children, Police Officers' Decision Making and Discretion: Forming Suspicion and Making a Stop (pdf, 151 pages), Police-Community Relations in Cincinnati: Year Three Evaluation Report. What Is a Good Research Question for Racial Profiling? A white security guard accused Hampton of shoplifting, took her shopping bag, and, without consent, searched it, emptying the bag onto the counter. shooting bias was greater among participants who held a strong cultural stereotype of African Americans as aggressive, violent and dangerous, and among participants who reported more contact with African Americans. It is significant to note that research confirms the existence of bias in decisions to shoot. In precincts in which blacks and Hispanics each represented less than 10 percent of the total population, individuals identified as belonging to these racial groups nevertheless accounted for more than half of the total "stops" during the covered period. Supervisors. [note 11] Schell, Terry L., Greg Ridgeway, Travis L. Dixon, Susan Turner, and K. Jack Riley,Police-Community Relations in Cincinnati: Year Three Evaluation Report, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2007. Police logs and reports in Eastpointe have identified over 100 incidents between 1995 and 1998 in which African-American youth were detained. Courts have held that racial profiling is a violation of the equal rights clause of the 14th amendment to the Constitution. However, even the easiest tasks require some experience and practice. 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