The procedure causes small injuries to the skin that the body works to repair which sometimes results in scabbing. Over many years of development, Dermapen has perfected the science of microneedling with advanced, patented technology including the MDerma by Dermapen. If youre experiencing a medical issue, please contact a healthcare professional or dial 911 immediately. While we do connect people with vetted, board-certified doctors, we dont provide medical consultations, diagnosis, or advice. The peeling that occurs after microneedling is the shedding of old, damaged skin. It is not typical to experience scabbing from this treatment. Furthermore, by using SureSpace and SafLok microneedling pen technologies, practitioners can deliver to their patients the safest possible treatment, while ensuring the best results. Park Meadows Cosmetic Surgery Aesthetics welcomes men and women from Lone Tree, Denver, and the surrounding areas of Colorado. This apprears to be from an overly aggressive treatment. I would recommend microneedling with PRP for you. It is common for skin to peel after microneedling treatments. There may be some. If youre experiencing a medical issue, please contact a healthcare professional or dial 911 immediately. Scabbing After their initial treatment, a RealSelf user shared, "my skin was completely scabbed and burned for almost two weeks." Scabbing is extremely rare, according to Dr. Khorasani. Please Select*Professional interested in the DermapenProfessional interested in Inderma productsDermapen customer looking to reorderPatient interested in Inderma products. Results should be expected as the skin heals over the following 3 - 4 weeks. Microneedling. PRP contains growth factors which will help to rebuild the collagen in the skin and can help with scarring. The information on RealSelf is intended for educational purposes only. Is this normal ? Some erythema (redness of the skin due to inflammation) may appear after treatment, typically lasting 2 to 3 days. Vivace has 36 gold-tipped needles and provides a powerful boost to your natural skin. to receive discounts and exclusive deals on Dermapen and Inderma products. However, it is not normal to have multiple large/thick scabbing. document.addEventListener( 'wpcf7mailsent', function( event ) { Will it permanently leave scars. You may be wondering if it is normal to peel after microneedling and the answer is yes, many people do experience minimal peeling, flaking, or shedding . Blood-thinning drugs such as aspirin must also be avoided 3 to 5 days pre-micro needling to avoid prolonged bleeding after treatment. Peter Port|St. scabbing pimples Comparing microneedling Microneedling can be used on: your face scalp body It's a newer skin procedure than microdermabrasion. You should not itch, touch, or exfoliate the scabs in any manner, as they will fall off eventually on their own when they are ready. These include localized swelling and bleeding, soreness a week after treatment, and increased sun sensitivity for up to two weeks post-treatment, notes Rabach. The two times I got it , it was just red and healed in 2 days. Microneedling can cause minor scabbing and flaking for a couple days post procedure. Thank you for your question! Additionally, studies have shown that patients whose skin was pre-treated with topical Vitamin C creams experienced a notable measure of growth in elastin and collagen fibers following microneedling treatments, resulting in younger looking skin. The information on RealSelf is intended for educational purposes only. + 1 (888).333.0509 USA How long does scabbing last after microneedling? Microneedling with Dermapen may be combined with other acne scar treatments like subcision, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and fractional resurfacing, thus optimizing the benefits to patients. In turn, the skin thickens and becomes plump which smoothes out fine lines and wrinkles, improving the look and texture of the skin. 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I developed significant scabs around my eyes after my first microneedling session. You should also expect small pinpoint scabs to become pronounced about 24 - 72 hours after radiofrequency microneedling, which will disappear when the injury has healed. This would be my third session of microneedling that Ive got done . For the past two months or so, I've been micro-needling with needle length set to 1.5 every three weeks and oiling my scalp with a combination of pumpkin, saw palmetto, rosemary, coconut, rosemary, jojoba and castor oil. I hope removing the hard layer on top of the scar will make the scar permanently on my nose. I developed significant scabs around my eyes after my first microneedling session. I would also consider topical vitamin C serum (CE ferulic or Phloretin C) as thathas been shown to speed resolution of post procedural erythema. I have senisitive skin. Every Dermapen tip is outfitted with 12 needles and features our patented technologies, which include SureSpace and SafLok. Radiofrequency Microneedling (RF Microneedling) is a new-age technology that helps in improving the skin texture. Did she damage my skin?? Since microneedling is a non-invasive cosmetic treatment, side effects are generally minimal. It depends on. As each fine needle punctures the skin, it creates a micro-wound. Microneedling creates a large number of tiny punctures in the skin, which your body responds to by initiating repair. Your picture looks more like bruising than crusting. Involves dermatologic surgery. It all depends upon the depth and type of scars, the skin condition and age of the patient. Use the form to the right to get started finding a Certified Dermapen practitioner in your area. The extent of the scabbing generally depends on the depth of the microneedling treatment. Degree of swelling (if any) will depend on skin sensitivity and the aggressiveness of the treatment. 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However, if you have large scabs, this could mean the procedure was not performed correctly or too aggressively. How often is maintenance required? However, it is not normal to have multiple large/thick scabbing. Microneedling works by using extremely small needles to pierce the very top layers of the skin, which promotes skin growth and collagen production. Sampson|St. The average which we recommend at the clinic is 6-8 sessions, 4-6 weeks apart and then maintenance 2-3 times in an year. Too much microneedling and not allowing enough time to heal with get you nowhere and can lead to scar tissue over time. Dermapen is the most trusted partner for medical practitioners and licensed skin care professionals providing microneedling treatments. Microneedling causes many micro-injuries in the skin, causing the body to create a new unblemished layer of skin. thank you :) (photo). Im scheduled for another session in a month and Im unsure about processing with that due to my down time with this session. Optimal results are usually seen after 3 - 4 treatments, each scheduled several weeks apart. Best of luck to you, Dr. Nima! Ideally, you should wait at least 48 hours after microneedling before you wear makeup. How often is maintenance required? Martin|St. After a microneedling procedure, it is also common to have a scabby texture around the treated area. I would be concerned if this occurred. I have this scar on my nose and its been there for a while. Thanks for asking. As mentioned by others, that is a sign of an over aggressive treatment. She used 0.5-1.0 depth on the pen. Is this common?I looked at tons of photos and can't find any photos of after pictures like my face. Patients need to avoid scrubbing or picking off scab tissue to encourage healthy new skin development. Dont forget sunprotection. It allows for the production of healthy melanocytes, which can actually decrease hyperpigmentation (darkening of an area of the skin) caused by abnormal melanocytes. hello@dermapen.com. She used 0.5-1.0 depth on the pen. I have had this done before, but I definitely have more scabby looking areas. Patients will start to notice pronounced micro-sized scabs within 24 - 72 hours after treatment, which will naturally shed with time. Hi @haniyousif! How long do the effects of microneedling Last? I am on day 5 and still dont want to show my face in public. 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Province)|P'yongyang-si (P'yongyang City)|Yanggang-do (Yanggang Province)",s_a[125]="Ch'ungch'ong-bukto|Ch'ungch'ong-namdo|Cheju-do|Cholla-bukto|Cholla-namdo|Inch'on-gwangyoksi|Kangwon-do|Kwangju-gwangyoksi|Kyonggi-do|Kyongsang-bukto|Kyongsang-namdo|Pusan-gwangyoksi|Soul-t'ukpyolsi|Taegu-gwangyoksi|Taejon-gwangyoksi|Ulsan-gwangyoksi",s_a[126]="Al 'Asimah|Al Ahmadi|Al Farwaniyah|Al Jahra'|Hawalli",s_a[127]="Batken Oblasty|Bishkek Shaary|Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek)|Jalal-Abad Oblasty|Naryn Oblasty|Osh Oblasty|Talas Oblasty|Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)",s_a[128]="Attapu|Bokeo|Bolikhamxai|Champasak|Houaphan|Khammouan|Louangnamtha|Louangphabang|Oudomxai|Phongsali|Salavan|Savannakhet|Viangchan|Viangchan|Xaignabouli|Xaisomboun|Xekong|Xiangkhoang",s_a[129]="Aizkraukles Rajons|Aluksnes Rajons|Balvu Rajons|Bauskas Rajons|Cesu Rajons|Daugavpils|Daugavpils Rajons|Dobeles Rajons|Gulbenes Rajons|Jekabpils Rajons|Jelgava|Jelgavas Rajons|Jurmala|Kraslavas Rajons|Kuldigas Rajons|Leipaja|Liepajas Rajons|Limbazu Rajons|Ludzas Rajons|Madonas Rajons|Ogres Rajons|Preilu Rajons|Rezekne|Rezeknes Rajons|Riga|Rigas Rajons|Saldus Rajons|Talsu Rajons|Tukuma Rajons|Valkas Rajons|Valmieras Rajons|Ventspils|Ventspils Rajons",s_a[130]="Beyrouth|Ech Chimal|Ej Jnoub|El Bekaa|Jabal Loubnane",s_a[131]="Berea|Butha-Buthe|Leribe|Mafeteng|Maseru|Mohales Hoek|Mokhotlong|Qacha's Nek|Quthing|Thaba-Tseka",s_a[132]="Bomi|Bong|Grand Bassa|Grand Cape Mount|Grand Gedeh|Grand Kru|Lofa|Margibi|Maryland|Montserrado|Nimba|River Cess|Sinoe",s_a[133]="Ajdabiya|Al 'Aziziyah|Al Fatih|Al Jabal al Akhdar|Al Jufrah|Al Khums|Al Kufrah|An Nuqat al Khams|Ash Shati'|Awbari|Az Zawiyah|Banghazi|Darnah|Ghadamis|Gharyan|Misratah|Murzuq|Sabha|Sawfajjin|Surt|Tarabulus|Tarhunah|Tubruq|Yafran|Zlitan",s_a[134]="Balzers|Eschen|Gamprin|Mauren|Planken|Ruggell|Schaan|Schellenberg|Triesen|Triesenberg|Vaduz",s_a[135]="Akmenes Rajonas|Alytaus Rajonas|Alytus|Anyksciu Rajonas|Birstonas|Birzu Rajonas|Druskininkai|Ignalinos Rajonas|Jonavos Rajonas|Joniskio Rajonas|Jurbarko Rajonas|Kaisiadoriu Rajonas|Kaunas|Kauno Rajonas|Kedainiu Rajonas|Kelmes Rajonas|Klaipeda|Klaipedos Rajonas|Kretingos Rajonas|Kupiskio Rajonas|Lazdiju Rajonas|Marijampole|Marijampoles Rajonas|Mazeikiu Rajonas|Moletu Rajonas|Neringa Pakruojo Rajonas|Palanga|Panevezio Rajonas|Panevezys|Pasvalio Rajonas|Plunges Rajonas|Prienu Rajonas|Radviliskio Rajonas|Raseiniu Rajonas|Rokiskio Rajonas|Sakiu Rajonas|Salcininku Rajonas|Siauliai|Siauliu Rajonas|Silales Rajonas|Silutes Rajonas|Sirvintu Rajonas|Skuodo Rajonas|Svencioniu Rajonas|Taurages Rajonas|Telsiu Rajonas|Traku Rajonas|Ukmerges Rajonas|Utenos Rajonas|Varenos Rajonas|Vilkaviskio Rajonas|Vilniaus Rajonas|Vilnius|Zarasu Rajonas",s_a[136]="Diekirch|Grevenmacher|Luxembourg",s_a[137]="Macau",s_a[138]="Aracinovo|Bac|Belcista|Berovo|Bistrica|Bitola|Blatec|Bogdanci|Bogomila|Bogovinje|Bosilovo|Brvenica|Cair (Skopje)|Capari|Caska|Cegrane|Centar (Skopje)|Centar Zupa|Cesinovo|Cucer-Sandevo|Debar|Delcevo|Delogozdi|Demir Hisar|Demir Kapija|Dobrusevo|Dolna Banjica|Dolneni|Dorce Petrov (Skopje)|Drugovo|Dzepciste|Gazi Baba (Skopje)|Gevgelija|Gostivar|Gradsko|Ilinden|Izvor|Jegunovce|Kamenjane|Karbinci|Karpos (Skopje)|Kavadarci|Kicevo|Kisela Voda (Skopje)|Klecevce|Kocani|Konce|Kondovo|Konopiste|Kosel|Kratovo|Kriva Palanka|Krivogastani|Krusevo|Kuklis|Kukurecani|Kumanovo|Labunista|Lipkovo|Lozovo|Lukovo|Makedonska Kamenica|Makedonski Brod|Mavrovi Anovi|Meseista|Miravci|Mogila|Murtino|Negotino|Negotino-Poloska|Novaci|Novo Selo|Oblesevo|Ohrid|Orasac|Orizari|Oslomej|Pehcevo|Petrovec|Plasnia|Podares|Prilep|Probistip|Radovis|Rankovce|Resen|Rosoman|Rostusa|Samokov|Saraj|Sipkovica|Sopiste|Sopotnika|Srbinovo|Star Dojran|Staravina|Staro Nagoricane|Stip|Struga|Strumica|Studenicani|Suto Orizari (Skopje)|Sveti Nikole|Tearce|Tetovo|Topolcani|Valandovo|Vasilevo|Veles|Velesta|Vevcani|Vinica|Vitoliste|Vranestica|Vrapciste|Vratnica|Vrutok|Zajas|Zelenikovo|Zileno|Zitose|Zletovo|Zrnovci",s_a[139]="Antananarivo|Antsiranana|Fianarantsoa|Mahajanga|Toamasina|Toliara",s_a[140]="Balaka|Blantyre|Chikwawa|Chiradzulu|Chitipa|Dedza|Dowa|Karonga|Kasungu|Likoma|Lilongwe|Machinga (Kasupe)|Mangochi|Mchinji|Mulanje|Mwanza|Mzimba|Nkhata Bay|Nkhotakota|Nsanje|Ntcheu|Ntchisi|Phalombe|Rumphi|Salima|Thyolo|Zomba",s_a[141]="Johor|Kedah|Kelantan|Labuan|Melaka|Negeri Sembilan|Pahang|Perak|Perlis|Pulau Pinang|Sabah|Sarawak|Selangor|Terengganu|Wilayah Persekutuan",s_a[142]="Alifu|Baa|Dhaalu|Faafu|Gaafu Alifu|Gaafu Dhaalu|Gnaviyani|Haa Alifu|Haa Dhaalu|Kaafu|Laamu|Lhaviyani|Maale|Meemu|Noonu|Raa|Seenu|Shaviyani|Thaa|Vaavu",s_a[143]="Gao|Kayes|Kidal|Koulikoro|Mopti|Segou|Sikasso|Tombouctou",s_a[144]="Valletta",s_a[145]="Man, Isle of",s_a[146]="Ailinginae|Ailinglaplap|Ailuk|Arno|Aur|Bikar|Bikini|Bokak|Ebon|Enewetak|Erikub|Jabat|Jaluit|Jemo|Kili|Kwajalein|Lae|Lib|Likiep|Majuro|Maloelap|Mejit|Mili|Namorik|Namu|Rongelap|Rongrik|Toke|Ujae|Ujelang|Utirik|Wotho|Wotje",s_a[147]="Martinique",s_a[148]="Adrar|Assaba|Brakna|Dakhlet Nouadhibou|Gorgol|Guidimaka|Hodh Ech Chargui|Hodh El Gharbi|Inchiri|Nouakchott|Tagant|Tiris Zemmour|Trarza",s_a[149]="Agalega Islands|Black River|Cargados Carajos Shoals|Flacq|Grand Port|Moka|Pamplemousses|Plaines Wilhems|Port Louis|Riviere du Rempart|Rodrigues|Savanne",s_a[150]="Mayotte",s_a[151]="Aguascalientes|Baja California|Baja California Sur|Campeche|Chiapas|Chihuahua|Coahuila de Zaragoza|Colima|Distrito Federal|Durango|Guanajuato|Guerrero|Hidalgo|Jalisco|Mexico|Michoacan de Ocampo|Morelos|Nayarit|Nuevo Leon|Oaxaca|Puebla|Queretaro de Arteaga|Quintana Roo|San Luis Potosi|Sinaloa|Sonora|Tabasco|Tamaulipas|Tlaxcala|Veracruz-Llave|Yucatan|Zacatecas",s_a[152]="Chuuk (Truk)|Kosrae|Pohnpei|Yap",s_a[153]="Midway Islands",s_a[154]="Balti|Cahul|Chisinau|Chisinau|Dubasari|Edinet|Gagauzia|Lapusna|Orhei|Soroca|Tighina|Ungheni",s_a[155]="Fontvieille|La Condamine|Monaco-Ville|Monte-Carlo",s_a[156]="Arhangay|Bayan-Olgiy|Bayanhongor|Bulgan|Darhan|Dornod|Dornogovi|Dundgovi|Dzavhan|Erdenet|Govi-Altay|Hentiy|Hovd|Hovsgol|Omnogovi|Ovorhangay|Selenge|Suhbaatar|Tov|Ulaanbaatar|Uvs",s_a[157]="Saint Anthony|Saint Georges|Saint Peter's",s_a[158]="Agadir|Al Hoceima|Azilal|Ben Slimane|Beni Mellal|Boulemane|Casablanca|Chaouen|El Jadida|El Kelaa des Srarhna|Er Rachidia|Essaouira|Fes|Figuig|Guelmim|Ifrane|Kenitra|Khemisset|Khenifra|Khouribga|Laayoune|Larache|Marrakech|Meknes|Nador|Ouarzazate|Oujda|Rabat-Sale|Safi|Settat|Sidi Kacem|Tan-Tan|Tanger|Taounate|Taroudannt|Tata|Taza|Tetouan|Tiznit",s_a[159]="Cabo Delgado|Gaza|Inhambane|Manica|Maputo|Nampula|Niassa|Sofala|Tete|Zambezia",s_a[160]="Caprivi|Erongo|Hardap|Karas|Khomas|Kunene|Ohangwena|Okavango|Omaheke|Omusati|Oshana|Oshikoto|Otjozondjupa",s_a[161]="Aiwo|Anabar|Anetan|Anibare|Baiti|Boe|Buada|Denigomodu|Ewa|Ijuw|Meneng|Nibok|Uaboe|Yaren",s_a[162]="Bagmati|Bheri|Dhawalagiri|Gandaki|Janakpur|Karnali|Kosi|Lumbini|Mahakali|Mechi|Narayani|Rapti|Sagarmatha|Seti",s_a[163]="Drenthe|Flevoland|Friesland|Gelderland|Groningen|Limburg|Noord-Brabant|Noord-Holland|Overijssel|Utrecht|Zeeland|Zuid-Holland",s_a[164]="Netherlands Antilles",s_a[165]="Iles Loyaute|Nord|Sud",s_a[166]="Akaroa|Amuri|Ashburton|Bay of Islands|Bruce|Buller|Chatham Islands|Cheviot|Clifton|Clutha|Cook|Dannevirke|Egmont|Eketahuna|Ellesmere|Eltham|Eyre|Featherston|Franklin|Golden Bay|Great Barrier Island|Grey|Hauraki Plains|Hawera|Hawke's Bay|Heathcote|Hikurangi|Hobson|Hokianga|Horowhenua|Hurunui|Hutt|Inangahua|Inglewood|Kaikoura|Kairanga|Kiwitea|Lake|Mackenzie|Malvern|Manaia|Manawatu|Mangonui|Maniototo|Marlborough|Masterton|Matamata|Mount Herbert|Ohinemuri|Opotiki|Oroua|Otamatea|Otorohanga|Oxford|Pahiatua|Paparua|Patea|Piako|Pohangina|Raglan|Rangiora|Rangitikei|Rodney|Rotorua|Runanga|Saint Kilda|Silverpeaks|Southland|Stewart Island|Stratford|Strathallan|Taranaki|Taumarunui|Taupo|Tauranga|Thames-Coromandel|Tuapeka|Vincent|Waiapu|Waiheke|Waihemo|Waikato|Waikohu|Waimairi|Waimarino|Waimate|Waimate West|Waimea|Waipa|Waipawa|Waipukurau|Wairarapa South|Wairewa|Wairoa|Waitaki|Waitomo|Waitotara|Wallace|Wanganui|Waverley|Westland|Whakatane|Whangarei|Whangaroa|Woodville",s_a[167]="Atlantico Norte|Atlantico Sur|Boaco|Carazo|Chinandega|Chontales|Esteli|Granada|Jinotega|Leon|Madriz|Managua|Masaya|Matagalpa|Nueva Segovia|Rio San Juan|Rivas",s_a[168]="Agadez|Diffa|Dosso|Maradi|Niamey|Tahoua|Tillaberi|Zinder",s_a[169]="Abia|Abuja Federal Capital Territory|Adamawa|Akwa Ibom|Anambra|Bauchi|Bayelsa|Benue|Borno|Cross River|Delta|Ebonyi|Edo|Ekiti|Enugu|Gombe|Imo|Jigawa|Kaduna|Kano|Katsina|Kebbi|Kogi|Kwara|Lagos|Nassarawa|Niger|Ogun|Ondo|Osun|Oyo|Plateau|Rivers|Sokoto|Taraba|Yobe|Zamfara",s_a[170]="Niue",s_a[171]="Norfolk Island",s_a[172]="Northern Islands|Rota|Saipan|Tinian",s_a[173]="Akershus|Aust-Agder|Buskerud|Finnmark|Hedmark|Hordaland|More og Romsdal|Nord-Trondelag|Nordland|Oppland|Oslo|Ostfold|Rogaland|Sogn og Fjordane|Sor-Trondelag|Telemark|Troms|Vest-Agder|Vestfold",s_a[174]="Ad Dakhiliyah|Al Batinah|Al Wusta|Ash Sharqiyah|Az Zahirah|Masqat|Musandam|Zufar",s_a[175]="Balochistan|Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Islamabad Capital Territory|North-West Frontier Province|Punjab|Sindh",s_a[176]="Aimeliik|Airai|Angaur|Hatobohei|Kayangel|Koror|Melekeok|Ngaraard|Ngarchelong|Ngardmau|Ngatpang|Ngchesar|Ngeremlengui|Ngiwal|Palau Island|Peleliu|Sonsoral|Tobi",s_a[177]="Bocas del Toro|Chiriqui|Cocle|Colon|Darien|Herrera|Los Santos|Panama|San Blas|Veraguas",s_a[178]="Bougainville|Central|Chimbu|East New Britain|East Sepik|Eastern Highlands|Enga|Gulf|Madang|Manus|Milne Bay|Morobe|National Capital|New Ireland|Northern|Sandaun|Southern Highlands|West New Britain|Western|Western Highlands",s_a[179]="Alto Paraguay|Alto Parana|Amambay|Asuncion (city)|Boqueron|Caaguazu|Caazapa|Canindeyu|Central|Concepcion|Cordillera|Guaira|Itapua|Misiones|Neembucu|Paraguari|Presidente Hayes|San Pedro",s_a[180]="Amazonas|Ancash|Apurimac|Arequipa|Ayacucho|Cajamarca|Callao|Cusco|Huancavelica|Huanuco|Ica|Junin|La Libertad|Lambayeque|Lima|Loreto|Madre de Dios|Moquegua|Pasco|Piura|Puno|San Martin|Tacna|Tumbes|Ucayali",s_a[181]="Abra|Agusan del Norte|Agusan del Sur|Aklan|Albay|Angeles|Antique|Aurora|Bacolod|Bago|Baguio|Bais|Basilan|Basilan City|Bataan|Batanes|Batangas|Batangas City|Benguet|Bohol|Bukidnon|Bulacan|Butuan|Cabanatuan|Cadiz|Cagayan|Cagayan de Oro|Calbayog|Caloocan|Camarines Norte|Camarines Sur|Camiguin|Canlaon|Capiz|Catanduanes|Cavite|Cavite City|Cebu|Cebu City|Cotabato|Dagupan|Danao|Dapitan|Davao City Davao|Davao del Sur|Davao Oriental|Dipolog|Dumaguete|Eastern Samar|General Santos|Gingoog|Ifugao|Iligan|Ilocos Norte|Ilocos Sur|Iloilo|Iloilo City|Iriga|Isabela|Kalinga-Apayao|La Carlota|La Union|Laguna|Lanao del Norte|Lanao del Sur|Laoag|Lapu-Lapu|Legaspi|Leyte|Lipa|Lucena|Maguindanao|Mandaue|Manila|Marawi|Marinduque|Masbate|Mindoro Occidental|Mindoro Oriental|Misamis Occidental|Misamis Oriental|Mountain|Naga|Negros Occidental|Negros Oriental|North Cotabato|Northern Samar|Nueva Ecija|Nueva Vizcaya|Olongapo|Ormoc|Oroquieta|Ozamis|Pagadian|Palawan|Palayan|Pampanga|Pangasinan|Pasay|Puerto Princesa|Quezon|Quezon City|Quirino|Rizal|Romblon|Roxas|Samar|San Carlos (in Negros Occidental)|San Carlos (in Pangasinan)|San Jose|San Pablo|Silay|Siquijor|Sorsogon|South Cotabato|Southern Leyte|Sultan Kudarat|Sulu|Surigao|Surigao del Norte|Surigao del Sur|Tacloban|Tagaytay|Tagbilaran|Tangub|Tarlac|Tawitawi|Toledo|Trece Martires|Zambales|Zamboanga|Zamboanga del Norte|Zamboanga del Sur",s_a[182]="Pitcaim Islands",s_a[183]="Dolnoslaskie|Kujawsko-Pomorskie|Lodzkie|Lubelskie|Lubuskie|Malopolskie|Mazowieckie|Opolskie|Podkarpackie|Podlaskie|Pomorskie|Slaskie|Swietokrzyskie|Warminsko-Mazurskie|Wielkopolskie|Zachodniopomorskie",s_a[184]="Acores (Azores)|Aveiro|Beja|Braga|Braganca|Castelo Branco|Coimbra|Evora|Faro|Guarda|Leiria|Lisboa|Madeira|Portalegre|Porto|Santarem|Setubal|Viana do Castelo|Vila Real|Viseu",s_a[185]="Adjuntas|Aguada|Aguadilla|Aguas Buenas|Aibonito|Anasco|Arecibo|Arroyo|Barceloneta|Barranquitas|Bayamon|Cabo Rojo|Caguas|Camuy|Canovanas|Carolina|Catano|Cayey|Ceiba|Ciales|Cidra|Coamo|Comerio|Corozal|Culebra|Dorado|Fajardo|Florida|Guanica|Guayama|Guayanilla|Guaynabo|Gurabo|Hatillo|Hormigueros|Humacao|Isabela|Jayuya|Juana Diaz|Juncos|Lajas|Lares|Las Marias|Las Piedras|Loiza|Luquillo|Manati|Maricao|Maunabo|Mayaguez|Moca|Morovis|Naguabo|Naranjito|Orocovis|Patillas|Penuelas|Ponce|Quebradillas|Rincon|Rio Grande|Sabana Grande|Salinas|San German|San Juan|San Lorenzo|San Sebastian|Santa Isabel|Toa Alta|Toa Baja|Trujillo Alto|Utuado|Vega Alta|Vega Baja|Vieques|Villalba|Yabucoa|Yauco",s_a[186]="Ad Dawhah|Al Ghuwayriyah|Al Jumayliyah|Al Khawr|Al Wakrah|Ar Rayyan|Jarayan al Batinah|Madinat ash Shamal|Umm Salal",s_a[187]="Reunion",s_a[188]="Alba|Arad|Arges|Bacau|Bihor|Bistrita-Nasaud|Botosani|Braila|Brasov|Bucuresti|Buzau|Calarasi|Caras-Severin|Cluj|Constanta|Covasna|Dimbovita|Dolj|Galati|Giurgiu|Gorj|Harghita|Hunedoara|Ialomita|Iasi|Maramures|Mehedinti|Mures|Neamt|Olt|Prahova|Salaj|Satu Mare|Sibiu|Suceava|Teleorman|Timis|Tulcea|Vaslui|Vilcea|Vrancea",s_a[189]="Adygeya (Maykop)|Aginskiy Buryatskiy (Aginskoye)|Altay (Gorno-Altaysk)|Altayskiy (Barnaul)|Amurskaya (Blagoveshchensk)|Arkhangel'skaya|Astrakhanskaya|Bashkortostan (Ufa)|Belgorodskaya|Bryanskaya|Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude)|Chechnya (Groznyy)|Chelyabinskaya|Chitinskaya|Chukotskiy (Anadyr')|Chuvashiya (Cheboksary)|Dagestan (Makhachkala)|Evenkiyskiy (Tura)|Ingushetiya (Nazran')|Irkutskaya|Ivanovskaya|Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik)|Kaliningradskaya|Kalmykiya (Elista)|Kaluzhskaya|Kamchatskaya (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy)|Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk)|Kareliya (Petrozavodsk)|Kemerovskaya|Khabarovskiy|Khakasiya (Abakan)|Khanty-Mansiyskiy (Khanty-Mansiysk)|Kirovskaya|Komi (Syktyvkar)|Komi-Permyatskiy (Kudymkar)|Koryakskiy (Palana)|Kostromskaya|Krasnodarskiy|Krasnoyarskiy|Kurganskaya|Kurskaya|Leningradskaya|Lipetskaya|Magadanskaya|Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola)|Mordoviya (Saransk)|Moskovskaya|Moskva (Moscow)|Murmanskaya|Nenetskiy (Nar'yan-Mar)|Nizhegorodskaya|Novgorodskaya|Novosibirskaya|Omskaya|Orenburgskaya|Orlovskaya (Orel)|Penzenskaya|Permskaya|Primorskiy (Vladivostok)|Pskovskaya|Rostovskaya|Ryazanskaya|Sakha (Yakutsk)|Sakhalinskaya (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk)|Samarskaya|Sankt-Peterburg (Saint Petersburg)|Saratovskaya|Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya [North Ossetia] (Vladikavkaz)|Smolenskaya|Stavropol'skiy|Sverdlovskaya (Yekaterinburg)|Tambovskaya|Tatarstan (Kazan')|Taymyrskiy (Dudinka)|Tomskaya|Tul'skaya|Tverskaya|Tyumenskaya|Tyva (Kyzyl)|Udmurtiya (Izhevsk)|Ul'yanovskaya|Ust'-Ordynskiy Buryatskiy (Ust'-Ordynskiy)|Vladimirskaya|Volgogradskaya|Vologodskaya|Voronezhskaya|Yamalo-Nenetskiy (Salekhard)|Yaroslavskaya|Yevreyskaya",s_a[190]="Butare|Byumba|Cyangugu|Gikongoro|Gisenyi|Gitarama|Kibungo|Kibuye|Kigali Rurale|Kigali-ville|Ruhengeri|Umutara",s_a[191]="Ascension|Saint Helena|Tristan da Cunha",s_a[192]="Christ Church Nichola Town|Saint Anne Sandy Point|Saint George Basseterre|Saint George Gingerland|Saint James Windward|Saint John Capisterre|Saint John Figtree|Saint Mary Cayon|Saint Paul Capisterre|Saint Paul Charlestown|Saint Peter Basseterre|Saint Thomas Lowland|Saint Thomas Middle Island|Trinity Palmetto Point",s_a[193]="Anse-la-Raye|Castries|Choiseul|Dauphin|Dennery|Gros Islet|Laborie|Micoud|Praslin|Soufriere|Vieux Fort",s_a[194]="Miquelon|Saint Pierre",s_a[195]="Charlotte|Grenadines|Saint Andrew|Saint David|Saint George|Saint Patrick",s_a[196]="A'ana|Aiga-i-le-Tai|Atua|Fa'asaleleaga|Gaga'emauga|Gagaifomauga|Palauli|Satupa'itea|Tuamasaga|Va'a-o-Fonoti|Vaisigano",s_a[197]="Acquaviva|Borgo Maggiore|Chiesanuova|Domagnano|Faetano|Fiorentino|Monte Giardino|San Marino|Serravalle",s_a[198]="Principe|Sao Tome",s_a[199]="'Asir|Al Bahah|Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah|Al Jawf|Al Madinah|Al Qasim|Ar Riyad|Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern Province)|Ha'il|Jizan|Makkah|Najran|Tabuk",s_a[200]="Aberdeen City|Aberdeenshire|Angus|Argyll and Bute|City of Edinburgh|Clackmannanshire|Dumfries and Galloway|Dundee City|East Ayrshire|East Dunbartonshire|East Lothian|East Renfrewshire|Eilean Siar (Western Isles)|Falkirk|Fife|Glasgow City|Highland|Inverclyde|Midlothian|Moray|North Ayrshire|North Lanarkshire|Orkney Islands|Perth and Kinross|Renfrewshire|Shetland Islands|South Ayrshire|South Lanarkshire|Stirling|The Scottish Borders|West Dunbartonshire|West Lothian",s_a[201]="Dakar|Diourbel|Fatick|Kaolack|Kolda|Louga|Saint-Louis|Tambacounda|Thies|Ziguinchor",s_a[202]="Anse aux Pins|Anse Boileau|Anse Etoile|Anse Louis|Anse Royale|Baie Lazare|Baie Sainte Anne|Beau Vallon|Bel Air|Bel Ombre|Cascade|Glacis|Grand' Anse (on Mahe)|Grand' Anse (on Praslin)|La Digue|La Riviere Anglaise|Mont Buxton|Mont Fleuri|Plaisance|Pointe La Rue|Port Glaud|Saint Louis|Takamaka",s_a[203]="Eastern|Northern|Southern|Western",s_a[204]="Singapore",s_a[205]="Banskobystricky|Bratislavsky|Kosicky|Nitriansky|Presovsky|Trenciansky|Trnavsky|Zilinsky",s_a[206]="Ajdovscina|Beltinci|Bled|Bohinj|Borovnica|Bovec|Brda|Brezice|Brezovica|Cankova-Tisina|Celje|Cerklje na Gorenjskem|Cerknica|Cerkno|Crensovci|Crna na Koroskem|Crnomelj|Destrnik-Trnovska Vas|Divaca|Dobrepolje|Dobrova-Horjul-Polhov Gradec|Dol pri Ljubljani|Domzale|Dornava|Dravograd|Duplek|Gorenja Vas-Poljane|Gorisnica|Gornja Radgona|Gornji Grad|Gornji Petrovci|Grosuplje|Hodos Salovci|Hrastnik|Hrpelje-Kozina|Idrija|Ig|Ilirska Bistrica|Ivancna Gorica|Izola|Jesenice|Jursinci|Kamnik|Kanal|Kidricevo|Kobarid|Kobilje|Kocevje|Komen|Koper|Kozje|Kranj|Kranjska Gora|Krsko|Kungota|Kuzma|Lasko|Lenart|Lendava|Litija|Ljubljana|Ljubno|Ljutomer|Logatec|Loska Dolina|Loski Potok|Luce|Lukovica|Majsperk|Maribor|Medvode|Menges|Metlika|Mezica|Miren-Kostanjevica|Mislinja|Moravce|Moravske Toplice|Mozirje|Murska Sobota|Muta|Naklo|Nazarje|Nova Gorica|Novo Mesto|Odranci|Ormoz|Osilnica|Pesnica|Piran|Pivka|Podcetrtek|Podvelka-Ribnica|Postojna|Preddvor|Ptuj|Puconci|Race-Fram|Radece|Radenci|Radlje ob Dravi|Radovljica|Ravne-Prevalje|Ribnica|Rogasevci|Rogaska Slatina|Rogatec|Ruse|Semic|Sencur|Sentilj|Sentjernej|Sentjur pri Celju|Sevnica|Sezana|Skocjan|Skofja Loka|Skofljica|Slovenj Gradec|Slovenska Bistrica|Slovenske Konjice|Smarje pri Jelsah|Smartno ob Paki|Sostanj|Starse|Store|Sveti Jurij|Tolmin|Trbovlje|Trebnje|Trzic|Turnisce|Velenje|Velike Lasce|Videm|Vipava|Vitanje|Vodice|Vojnik|Vrhnika|Vuzenica|Zagorje ob Savi|Zalec|Zavrc|Zelezniki|Ziri|Zrece",s_a[207]="Bellona|Central|Choiseul (Lauru)|Guadalcanal|Honiara|Isabel|Makira|Malaita|Rennell|Temotu|Western",s_a[208]="Awdal|Bakool|Banaadir|Bari|Bay|Galguduud|Gedo|Hiiraan|Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Hoose|Mudug|Nugaal|Sanaag|Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Hoose|Sool|Togdheer|Woqooyi Galbeed",s_a[209]="Eastern Cape|Free State|Gauteng|KwaZulu-Natal|Mpumalanga|North-West|Northern Cape|Northern Province|Western Cape",s_a[210]="Bird Island|Bristol Island|Clerke Rocks|Montagu Island|Saunders Island|South Georgia|Southern Thule|Traversay Islands",s_a[211]="Andalucia|Aragon|Asturias|Baleares (Balearic Islands)|Canarias (Canary Islands)|Cantabria|Castilla y Leon|Castilla-La Mancha|Cataluna|Ceuta|Communidad Valencian|Extremadura|Galicia|Islas Chafarinas|La Rioja|Madrid|Melilla|Murcia|Navarra|Pais Vasco (Basque Country)|Penon de Alhucemas|Penon de Velez de la Gomera",s_a[212]="Spratly Islands",s_a[213]="Central|Eastern|North Central|North Eastern|North Western|Northern|Sabaragamuwa|Southern|Uva|Western",s_a[214]="A'ali an Nil|Al Bahr al Ahmar|Al Buhayrat|Al Jazirah|Al Khartum|Al Qadarif|Al Wahdah|An Nil al Abyad|An Nil al Azraq|Ash Shamaliyah|Bahr al Jabal|Gharb al Istiwa'iyah|Gharb Bahr al Ghazal|Gharb Darfur|Gharb Kurdufan|Janub Darfur|Janub Kurdufan|Junqali|Kassala|Nahr an Nil|Shamal Bahr al Ghazal|Shamal Darfur|Shamal Kurdufan|Sharq al Istiwa'iyah|Sinnar|Warab",s_a[215]="Brokopondo|Commewijne|Coronie|Marowijne|Nickerie|Para|Paramaribo|Saramacca|Sipaliwini|Wanica",s_a[216]="Barentsoya|Bjornoya|Edgeoya|Hopen|Kvitoya|Nordaustandet|Prins Karls Forland|Spitsbergen",s_a[217]="Hhohho|Lubombo|Manzini|Shiselweni",s_a[218]="Blekinge|Dalarnas|Gavleborgs|Gotlands|Hallands|Jamtlands|Jonkopings|Kalmar|Kronobergs|Norrbottens|Orebro|Ostergotlands|Skane|Sodermanlands|Stockholms|Uppsala|Varmlands|Vasterbottens|Vasternorrlands|Vastmanlands|Vastra Gotalands",s_a[219]="Aargau|Ausser-Rhoden|Basel-Landschaft|Basel-Stadt|Bern|Fribourg|Geneve|Glarus|Graubunden|Inner-Rhoden|Jura|Luzern|Neuchatel|Nidwalden|Obwalden|Sankt Gallen|Schaffhausen|Schwyz|Solothurn|Thurgau|Ticino|Uri|Valais|Vaud|Zug|Zurich",s_a[220]="Al Hasakah|Al Ladhiqiyah|Al Qunaytirah|Ar Raqqah|As Suwayda'|Dar'a|Dayr az Zawr|Dimashq|Halab|Hamah|Hims|Idlib|Rif Dimashq|Tartus",s_a[221]="Chang-hua|Chi-lung|Chia-i|Chia-i|Chung-hsing-hsin-ts'un|Hsin-chu|Hsin-chu|Hua-lien|I-lan|Kao-hsiung|Kao-hsiung|Miao-li|Nan-t'ou|P'eng-hu|P'ing-tung|T'ai-chung|T'ai-chung|T'ai-nan|T'ai-nan|T'ai-pei|T'ai-pei|T'ai-tung|T'ao-yuan|Yun-lin",s_a[222]="Viloyati Khatlon|Viloyati Leninobod|Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon",s_a[223]="Arusha|Dar es Salaam|Dodoma|Iringa|Kagera|Kigoma|Kilimanjaro|Lindi|Mara|Mbeya|Morogoro|Mtwara|Mwanza|Pemba North|Pemba South|Pwani|Rukwa|Ruvuma|Shinyanga|Singida|Tabora|Tanga|Zanzibar Central/South|Zanzibar North|Zanzibar Urban/West",s_a[224]="Amnat Charoen|Ang Thong|Buriram|Chachoengsao|Chai Nat|Chaiyaphum|Chanthaburi|Chiang Mai|Chiang Rai|Chon Buri|Chumphon|Kalasin|Kamphaeng Phet|Kanchanaburi|Khon Kaen|Krabi|Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok)|Lampang|Lamphun|Loei|Lop Buri|Mae Hong Son|Maha Sarakham|Mukdahan|Nakhon Nayok|Nakhon Pathom|Nakhon Phanom|Nakhon Ratchasima|Nakhon Sawan|Nakhon Si Thammarat|Nan|Narathiwat|Nong Bua Lamphu|Nong Khai|Nonthaburi|Pathum Thani|Pattani|Phangnga|Phatthalung|Phayao|Phetchabun|Phetchaburi|Phichit|Phitsanulok|Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya|Phrae|Phuket|Prachin Buri|Prachuap Khiri Khan|Ranong|Ratchaburi|Rayong|Roi Et|Sa Kaeo|Sakon Nakhon|Samut Prakan|Samut Sakhon|Samut Songkhram|Sara Buri|Satun|Sing Buri|Sisaket|Songkhla|Sukhothai|Suphan Buri|Surat Thani|Surin|Tak|Trang|Trat|Ubon Ratchathani|Udon Thani|Uthai Thani|Uttaradit|Yala|Yasothon",s_a[225]="Tobago",s_a[226]="De La Kara|Des Plateaux|Des Savanes|Du Centre|Maritime",s_a[227]="Atafu|Fakaofo|Nukunonu",s_a[228]="Ha'apai|Tongatapu|Vava'u",s_a[229]="Arima|Caroni|Mayaro|Nariva|Port-of-Spain|Saint Andrew|Saint David|Saint George|Saint Patrick|San Fernando|Victoria",s_a[230]="Ariana|Beja|Ben Arous|Bizerte|El Kef|Gabes|Gafsa|Jendouba|Kairouan|Kasserine|Kebili|Mahdia|Medenine|Monastir|Nabeul|Sfax|Sidi Bou Zid|Siliana|Sousse|Tataouine|Tozeur|Tunis|Zaghouan",s_a[231]="Adana|Adiyaman|Afyon|Agri|Aksaray|Amasya|Ankara|Antalya|Ardahan|Artvin|Aydin|Balikesir|Bartin|Batman|Bayburt|Bilecik|Bingol|Bitlis|Bolu|Burdur|Bursa|Canakkale|Cankiri|Corum|Denizli|Diyarbakir|Duzce|Edirne|Elazig|Erzincan|Erzurum|Eskisehir|Gaziantep|Giresun|Gumushane|Hakkari|Hatay|Icel|Igdir|Isparta|Istanbul|Izmir|Kahramanmaras|Karabuk|Karaman|Kars|Kastamonu|Kayseri|Kilis|Kirikkale|Kirklareli|Kirsehir|Kocaeli|Konya|Kutahya|Malatya|Manisa|Mardin|Mugla|Mus|Nevsehir|Nigde|Ordu|Osmaniye|Rize|Sakarya|Samsun|Sanliurfa|Siirt|Sinop|Sirnak|Sivas|Tekirdag|Tokat|Trabzon|Tunceli|Usak|Van|Yalova|Yozgat|Zonguldak",s_a[232]="Ahal Welayaty|Balkan Welayaty|Dashhowuz Welayaty|Lebap Welayaty|Mary Welayaty",s_a[233]="Tuvalu",s_a[234]="Adjumani|Apac|Arua|Bugiri|Bundibugyo|Bushenyi|Busia|Gulu|Hoima|Iganga|Jinja|Kabale|Kabarole|Kalangala|Kampala|Kamuli|Kapchorwa|Kasese|Katakwi|Kibale|Kiboga|Kisoro|Kitgum|Kotido|Kumi|Lira|Luwero|Masaka|Masindi|Mbale|Mbarara|Moroto|Moyo|Mpigi|Mubende|Mukono|Nakasongola|Nebbi|Ntungamo|Pallisa|Rakai|Rukungiri|Sembabule|Soroti|Tororo",s_a[235]="Avtonomna Respublika Krym (Simferopol')|Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy)|Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv)|Chernivets'ka (Chernivtsi)|Dnipropetrovs'ka (Dnipropetrovs'k)|Donets'ka (Donets'k)|Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k)|Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv)|Khersons'ka (Kherson)|Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy)|Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad)|Kyyiv|Kyyivs'ka (Kiev)|L'vivs'ka (L'viv)|Luhans'ka (Luhans'k)|Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv)|Odes'ka (Odesa)|Poltavs'ka (Poltava)|Rivnens'ka (Rivne)|Sevastopol'|Sums'ka (Sumy)|Ternopil's'ka (Ternopil')|Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya)|Volyns'ka (Luts'k)|Zakarpats'ka (Uzhhorod)|Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya)|Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr)",s_a[236]="'Ajman|Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi)|Al Fujayrah|Ash Shariqah (Sharjah)|Dubayy (Dubai)|Ra's al Khaymah|Umm al Qaywayn",s_a[237]="Barking and Dagenham|Barnet|Barnsley|Bath and North East Somerset|Bedfordshire|Bexley|Birmingham|Blackburn with Darwen|Blackpool|Bolton|Bournemouth|Bracknell Forest|Bradford|Brent|Brighton and Hove|Bromley|Buckinghamshire|Bury|Calderdale|Cambridgeshire|Camden|Cheshire|City of Bristol|City of Kingston upon Hull|City of London|Cornwall|Coventry|Croydon|Cumbria|Darlington|Derby|Derbyshire|Devon|Doncaster|Dorset|Dudley|Durham|Ealing|East Riding of Yorkshire|East Sussex|Enfield|Essex|Gateshead|Gloucestershire|Greenwich|Hackney|Halton|Hammersmith and Fulham|Hampshire|Haringey|Harrow|Hartlepool|Havering|Herefordshire|Hertfordshire|Hillingdon|Hounslow|Isle of Wight|Islington|Kensington and Chelsea|Kent|Kingston upon Thames|Kirklees|Knowsley|Lambeth|Lancashire|Leeds|Leicester|Leicestershire|Lewisham|Lincolnshire|Liverpool|Luton|Manchester|Medway|Merton|Middlesbrough|Milton Keynes|Newcastle upon Tyne|Newham|Norfolk|North East Lincolnshire|North Lincolnshire|North Somerset|North Tyneside|North Yorkshire|Northamptonshire|Northumberland|Nottingham|Nottinghamshire|Oldham|Oxfordshire|Peterborough|Plymouth|Poole|Portsmouth|Reading|Redbridge|Redcar and Cleveland|Richmond upon Thames|Rochdale|Rotherham|Rutland|Salford|Sandwell|Sefton|Sheffield|Shropshire|Slough|Solihull|Somerset|South Gloucestershire|South Tyneside|Southampton|Southend-on-Sea|Southwark|St.

Annalee Thomas Oregon, Articles S