(2021). Thalassaemia International Federation . People with severe forms of beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe illness than people in the general population if theyre infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. Materials & Methods: Searches of PUBMED and EMBASE were conducted to identify the level and . Facial Presentation in People with Beta-Thalassemia Major, The Hidden Signs You May Have a Red Meat Allergy From a Tick Bite, Alpha Thalassemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More, Alopecia Areata and Diet: Foods to Eat and Avoid. Thalassaemia is the name for a group of inherited conditions that affect a substance in the blood called haemoglobin. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. The COVID-19 pandemic is putting a lot of burden on healthcare . (2021). Beta-Thalassemia Minor and SARS-CoV-2: Physiopathology, Prevalence, Severity, Morbidity, and Mortality. 2023 Jan 1;15(1):e2023007. Bender MA, et al. The ways that a healthcare provider diagnoses thalassemia depends on the type of thalassemia you have. If you become infected, it's important to talk to a doctor knowledgeable about thalassemia regarding any special precautions you should take or changes to your medical plan. Knowledge of your blood type is usually important if you're undergoing a blood transfusion or organ transplantbut in those situations, your medical team will test your blood type beforehand. Try taking a few moments to list a few of the positive areas in your life. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 in benign hematology: emerging challenges and special considerations for healthcare professionals. Beta thalassemia minor and SARS-CoV-2, prevalence, severity, morbidity and mortality: A systematic review study. Harewood J, et al. Some of these release special . 2020;91(3):e2020026. Here, experts weigh in on what you really need to know. This is the most important step in keeping you out of the hospital and alive. The pandemic has been hard on everyone, especially those with chronic illnesses. There are some theories on why there could be a link: Your red blood cells are covered with molecules that are known as antigens, Thomas Russo, MD, professor and chief of infectious disease at the University at Buffalo, told Health. Eur J Haematol. Splenectomy: When a person has a spleen removed for thalassemia, they are more likely to develop a secondary bacterial infection . You inherit two copies of each gene one from each parent so four in total. government site. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0213. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Marhaeni W, Felicia FV, Sumadi Jap AL, Hartoyo E, Andayani P. Front Med (Lausanne). Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. When a population has people with pre-existing immunity, as the T cell studies may be indicating is the case, the herd immunity threshold based on an R 0 of 2.5 can be reduced from 60% of a population getting infected right down to 10%, depending on the quantity and distribution of pre-existing immunity among people, Gupta's group calculated. And while some people develop more severe forms of COVID-19, others develop mild or no symptoms. Read on to learn more about why its important for people with beta thalassemia to get vaccinated and why beta thalassemia may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 illness. If the mutation affects three of your genes, you have a more severe case of alpha-thalassemia. Affiliations 1 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. Clinical guidance on COVID-19 vaccines for people with thalassemia. Thalassemia patients also tend to have complications and coexisting conditions that may put them at an increased risk of severe outcomes, such as hospitalization and death, if they do become infected with COVID-19. Before But again, experts say it's too early to know for sure. Beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia). Blood. A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. Anecdotal reports are surfacing that some people are developing tinnitus days after receiving one of the COVID vaccines. Blood banking and transfusion medicine challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gholinataj Jelodar M, Mirzaei S, Dehghan Chenari H. Clin Case Rep. 2022 Aug 3;10(8):e6114. Additionally, COVID-19 has complicated some treatments for thalassemia, such as the availability of lifesaving blood transfusions. April 21, 2020. The prevalence among those who were transfusion dependent was roughly the same as people without thalassemia. Torti L, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, De Fabritiis P, Abruzzese E. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. It's been found that, in general, people who have COVID-19 often have significantly reduced hemoglobin levels, especially with severe disease. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Moreover, the excess amount of iron, contributing to oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, alters the immune system in -thalassemia, which is important during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the current time, this is primarily an academic theory. In a 2022 study, researchers found lower rates of vaccine-related side effects among 186 people with thalassemia major than in vaccine clinical trials. There are very few medications that are contraindicated (should not be used) in people who may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or who have developed a COVID-19 infection. Jason DelCollo, DO, is a board-certified medicine physician and associate faculty member at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. Beta-thalassemia causes symptoms related to anemia, including weak or brittle bones, and leads to problems with how your bones develop. Thalassemia may increase the risk of serious outcomes of COVID-19. But because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who . With thalassemia trait, your red blood cells are smaller than those in people who dont have the trait. The second study (also from October 2020) from researchers in Canada looked at data from 95 patients who were severely ill with COVID-19. It is possible to have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. It's not known whether blood clots with COVID-19 are more common among people with thalassemia, but healthcare providers should be aware of this potential risk. Thalassemia also increases the likelihood to form blood clots. Thalassemia may cause you to experience anemia-like symptoms that range from mild to severe. Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? The allergy can develop after a, This inherited blood disorder usually requires vitamin supplement. Objectives: Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Beta thalassemia two genes are involved. Thalassaemia International Federation . "We all recognize that we're not the same, but we have not been able, on a genetic basis, very often, to determine whether certain people with certain genes are more or less susceptible to get an infection if they're exposed to a germ," said William Schaffner, MD, an infectious disease specialist, and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by transfusion: A literature review. People with beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe disease or death, but studies are . How do I know if I have thalassemia trait? With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin. Most cases are caused by a mutation in the HBB gene. Among people with thalassemia, little is known about long-term complications from COVID-19 at this time. Without enough hemoglobin, your red blood cells die more quickly, and your organs and tissues dont get enough oxygen. I declare no competing interests. doi:10.1002/ajh.25840, Farmakis D, Giakoumis A, Cannon L, et al. Prevention measures are very important. Epub 2020 Sep 15. For the latest on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. This shortage has been of even greater concern in South Asia (due to a high incidence of beta-thalassemia), where it's been estimated that 200,000 people depend on regular blood transfusions to manage their condition. In thalassemia, the body is unable to make either alpha or beta chains in adequate amounts. Symptoms of moderate anemia may include: Beta thalassemia is caused by a genetic mutation inherited from one or both of your parents. Vaccination is particularly important for people with cardiovascular disease because theyre more likely to develop severe complications from COVID-19 infection. If the mutation affects two genes, you have alpha-thalassemia minor. A second dose of Pfizer or Moderna at least 4 weeks after 1st dose, less susceptibility to developing COVID-19, fewer intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, higher susceptibility to dying from COVID-19, surgery to remove your spleen or gallbladder. People with the intermedia or major forms of the disease have HBB mutations from both parents. (2022). COVID Increases Risk of Long-Term Brain Injury, Study Shows, COVID Tongue: How a Swollen Tongue Could Indicate COVID-19, Even Mild COVID-19 Infections Increase Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Research Shows, CDC Adds Mental Health Conditions to High-risk of Severe Illness From COVID List, COVID-19 Pneumoniathe Lung Infection Caused by Getting COVID-19, Does Sunlight Kill COVID-19 and Does Vitamin D Prevent It? Alpha thalassemia. People with this condition will need frequent blood transfusions. Consider talking with a doctor about testing for thalassemia trait if theres a history of thalassemia or thalassemia trait in your family, or if you plan to have a child with someone who has the trait or a family history of it. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. Thalassemia is an inherited disorder that impairs the production of hemoglobin. Thalassemia is an inherited (i.e., passed from parents to children through genes) blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein called hemoglobin, an important part of red blood cells. COVID vaccine & autoimmune disease FAQ. To inherit thalassemia, both your parents must pass down the affected gene to you. 2020;91(3):e2020007. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. (2022). Experts are warning people that they may have an allergy to red meat if they develop these gastrointestinal symptoms. This blood disorder causes your body not to produce enough hemoglobin. Blood tests can also be used for . What's the Link Between ARDS and COVID-19? EHA and TIF Explore How COVID-19 Is Affecting Thalassemia and SCD Patients. Genetic correction of concurrent - and -thalassemia patient-derived pluripotent stem cells by the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. It causes mild to severe respiratory illness with some flu-like symptoms. Orphanet J Rare Dis. Med Hypotheses. People with thalassemia should assume that they are as likely to become infected as the general population and are more likely to have severe outcomes. What Research Says About the Link Between COVID-19 and Blood Type, What the Blood Link Research Means for You, Omicron vs. Delta: How the 2 COVID-19 Variants Compare, ShinglesHerpes ZosterInfection May Be Linked to the COVID-19 Vaccine, Can COVID-19 Cause Diabetes? Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. Respiratory failure may occur just as with people who do not have thalassemia. Epub 2020 Apr 27. (2022). All rights reserved. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Possible symptoms include: Doctors sometimes mistake symptoms of thalassemia trait for iron deficiency. Many times people with thalassemia are prescribed a supplemental B vitamin, known as folic acid, to help treat anemia. But such tests are often costly. About 1.5% of the worlds population carry HBB mutations that cause beta thalassemia. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The CDC recommends mRNA vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. 2020 Jun;25(6):e936-e945. Thats because two genes, HBA1 and HBA2, are responsible for making hemoglobin alpha. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. (2022). You can still pass on the affected gene, but you wont experience any symptoms. If you have one unaffected gene, it mostly overrides the faulty gene. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Orphanet J Rare Dis. What are the risks of having COVID if you have beta thalassemia? COVID-19 and thalassemia: Frequently asked questions. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French experience. 2020;60(12):3046-3054.doi:10.1111/trf.16056, d'argon A, Putri MG, Savitri Y, Alfaidin AMR. A comprehensive review of studies published in Seminars in Vascular Surgery in September 2021 examined peer-reviewed journal articles published from March 2020 to January 2021. (2022). Most children with moderate to severe thalassemia show signs and symptoms within their first two years of life. Adrenal insufficiency (a lack of sufficient hormone production by the adrenal glands) can occur with thalassemia. fatalities for sickle cell anaemia carriers and for -thalassaemia carriers. Am J Hematol. When there isn't enough hemoglobin, the body's red blood cells don't function properly and they last shorter periods of time, so there are fewer healthy red blood cells traveling . Lack of hemoglobin can lead to insufficient oxygen in your bodily tissues. 2022 Oct;58(10):1760-1765. doi: 10.1111/jpc.16082. "Long COVID" is a term meaning symptoms that persist after the infection has cleared. The one gene defect, beta thalassemia trait (minor), is asymptomatic and results in microcytosis and mild anemia. Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? Mark S. Lesney. Read our, Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 for People With Thalassemia, Complications of Thalassemia and COVID-19, People Who Have Had a Splenectomy and Transplant Recipients. Should people with thalassemia take vitamins and mineral supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic? What Blood Tests Can Help Diagnose Sjgrens Syndrome? Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As a whole, experts recommend that peopleregardless of blood typekeep following CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. How Might Swollen Glands Be a Sign of COVID-19? The current evidence suggests that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risk of side effects for most people with autoimmune disease, according to the Global Autoimmune Institute, which reviewed the available scientific literature. They also may have antiviral effects and positive effects on the immune system, particularly with RNA viruses (viruses that have RNA as its genetic material, such as the virus causing COVID-19). Therefore, it is unknown if COVID-19 vaccines are as efficacious for patients with thalassemia as they were found to be for the clinical trial participants . The information in this article is current as of the date listed. Bookshelf These transplants should proceed. Lets look at why and what you can do about it. In order to better describe the frequency and manifestations of COVID-19 in thalassemia patients living in France, we report the cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred during the year 2020. Looking at a small sample group early on in the pandemic, the overall mortality rate of those with thalassemia from a COVID-19 infection was 18.6%, compared with a mortality rate of 4.71% in the general population. The first study, conducted by . "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. If you have minor or no symptoms, your provider may suspect thalassemia based on the results of a routine blood test. If youre a silent carrier or have thalassemia minor, youre unlikely to need typical thalassemia treatments, like blood transfusions or iron therapy. This condition is called anemia. In a webinar designed to guide physicians in the care of hematology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, three world experts on thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) provided on-the-ground information from physicians who were . "There is no real benefit for the individual person," said Torben Barington, DMSc, a clinical professor of immunology at the University of Southern Denmark and co-author of the early Danish study. However, the results of studies have differed regarding how beta thalassemia affects outcomes. Sadly, the reduction in the blood supply has led many people with thalassemia to receive fewer transfusions than usual, prompting healthcare providers caring for people with the condition to look for options that may reduce the need for or frequency of transfusions. Kakkar S, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2014. marion.cook@wanadoo.fr. (2022). The .gov means its official. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. In spite of those terrible limits, this systematic-review meta-analysis opens the way to the confirmation of a possible protection/immunity of beta-thalassemia carriers against COVID-19 concerning incidence and ICU admission markers [7,8]. People with certain medical conditions. Aim: Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in -thalassemia samples. Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. 2020;105(1):1623. (2022). There are a number of factors that might increase the chances of a person with thalassemia being exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. It's not known whether this therapy has any effect on the outcomes of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia. Future Sci OA. We avoid using tertiary references. (2014). Exemptions may be granted for people with severe allergies to COVID-19 vaccines or any of their components. Your doctor can address any particular concerns you may have. Vaccines & immunizations: Use of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. (2022). Recessive means that you need two copies of the faulty gene to have the disease. April 20, 2020. Beta-thalassemia results of a default in the hemoglobin beta- chain synthesis. A protein called the Rh factor can also be present (+) or absent (-) from the blood. What is the treatment for beta thalassemia? (2022). SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta thalassemia: Preliminary data from the Italian experience. A simple blood test could let a doctor know if you have alpha- or beta-thalassemia minor.

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